Wang et al. integrated ST-seq, scRNA-seq, and scATAC-seq data to profile transcriptional and chromatin dynamics in D. japonica head blastema at 5 dpa. They pinpointed the DjTcf4 gene network acting as a master transcription regulator to ensure cells rebuild complex structures like eyes in the right place and time.
An intertwined history: the earth observer and EOS
Beneath the moon’s cratered surface lie networks of lava tubes and deep pits, natural caves that could shelter future lunar bases from cosmic radiation and wild temperature swings. These underground structures represent some of the most scientifically valuable areas in the solar system, but they come with the very real challenge of simply getting there.
The entrances to these caves feature steep, rugged terrain with rocks and loose regolith. Small rovers, preferred for lunar exploration because you can deploy many of them to reduce mission risk, face an inherent limitation. Their compact wheels simply can’t climb over obstacles much larger than the wheel diameter itself. Send a swarm of small rovers and even if some fail, others continue the mission. Send one large rover and a single failure ends everything.
Variable diameter wheels are a new thing in lunar exploration and could solve this, expanding when needed to overcome obstacles, then contracting for efficient transport. But building such a wheel for the moon has proven nearly impossible. The lunar environment is uniquely hostile to mechanical systems. Fine, abrasive dust infiltrates everything, and in the airless vacuum, exposed metal surfaces stick together through a process called cold welding. Traditional hinges and joints don’t last long under these conditions.
Cerebral sulci and fissures are grooves between the adjacent gyri on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres. By allowing the cortex to invaginate to form sulci and gyri the surface area of the cortex is The result is that the surface area of the human cortex is 2,200 cm2, only a third of which can be seen on the surface 4.
Gyri and sulci vary slightly in their dimensions and morphology between individuals or even between hemispheres. Some may not be present in a number of individuals and others deep enough to produce elevations on the surface of the ventricles (e.g. collateral sulcus, calcarine sulcus/calcar avis) 4. However, these variations are generally of no functional significance. In contrast, disorders of cortical formation can be associated with numerous and significant neurological symptoms and deficits.
Radiopedia:.
One of the main reasons wine traditionally comes in bottles is to protect its quality. Glass is nonreactive, and the cork or screw cap provides an airtight seal that prevents oxygen from spoiling the liquid. In recent years, a new rival has appeared on the scene—aluminum cans. But there are concerns that the metal may interact with the wine, altering its unique flavor.
However, for red muscadine wine, new research published in ACS Food Science & Technology suggests that cans may be just as effective as glass at keeping the wine fresh.