Eclampsia is a serious pregnancy complication and is associated with cerebral edema and infarctions. However, the underlying pathophysiology of eclampsia remains poorly explored.

High-precision spectroscopy of weakly bound rubidium dimers pushes a theoretical model to its limits.

A new model captures how impurities affect jets formed when bubbles rise and pop at a liquid surface.

Contrary to the popular saying, rules aren’t meant to be broken, as they are foundational to society and exist to uphold safety, fairness and order in the face of chaos. The collective benefits of rule-following are well established, but individual incentives are often unclear. Yet, people still comply, and the reasons why are pieces of a puzzle that researchers of human behavior have been trying to piece together for years.

A recent study published in Nature Human Behavior explored the behavioral principles behind why people follow rules using a newly designed framework called CRISP. A series of four online experiments based on the framework involving 14,034 English-speaking participants, revealed that the majority (55%–70%) of participants chose to follow arbitrary rules—even when the compliance was costly, they were anonymous and violations had no adverse effects on others.

This proposed CRISP system explains rule conformity © as a function of four components: R—intrinsic respect for rules, independent of others’ behavior; I—extrinsic incentives, such as the threat of punishment for breaking rules; S—social expectations about whether others will follow the rule or believe one should; and P—social preferences, which matter when rule-following affects the well-being of others.

Water is everywhere and comes in many forms: snow, sleet, hail, hoarfrost, and so on. However, despite water being so commonplace, scientists still do not fully understand the predominant physical process that occurs when water transforms from liquid to solid.

Now, in an article published in the Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, researchers from the Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, have carried out a series of molecular-scale simulations to uncover why ice forms more easily on surfaces than in bodies of water.

While it is common knowledge that water freezes at 0°C (32°F), water does not instantly turn into ice the moment this temperature is reached. Instead, ice crystals begin forming at tiny “nuclei” and spread throughout the body of water in a process called nucleation. Lower temperatures promote nucleation events and hence speed up the freezing process. Although, at the microscopic level, other factors can also play a role.

Experiments at BESSY II show that during electrolysis, the structure breaks down into ultrathin nickel sheets, exposing the active catalytic centers to the electrolyte. Hydrogen can be produced through the electrolysis of water. When the electricity for this process comes from renewable sources.

Google has uncovered a vishing campaign by UNC6040 targeting Salesforce users through fake Data Loader apps.

Halbers et al. present a useful tool — a way of accurately tracking RNAs that only requires a small addition to a given RNA sequence and leverages modified split luciferase proteins for bioluminescent photon emission, circumventing some drawbacks of fluorescent methods.

Studying RNA dynamics in vivo often relies on fluorogenic approaches, but these can be hampered by factors such as limited sensitivity and sample autofluorescence. Here, the authors describe an ultrasensitive platform for RNA imaging, which features RNA tags that recruit light-emitting luciferase fragments.

We tested whether chimpanzees and children are more curious about social interactions versus a single agent (Experiment 1), whether they are willing to pay a cost to gain social information (Experiment 2), and whether they are more curious about positive or negative social interactions (Experiment 3). Combined, we found that both chimpanzees and children are socially curious creatures. Chimpanzees and children are more curious about social interactions than the actions of a single conspecific, young children and male chimpanzees are willing to pay a cost to gain social information, and boys become more curious about negative social interactions while girls become more curious about positive social interactions as they develop.

In Experiment 1, chimpanzees and children are significantly more motivated to watch videos of social interactions compared with videos of a conspecific acting alone. Children are also significantly more likely to open the social box compared with the nonsocial box, and trend towards opening the door of the social box wider. What is driving this effect? One option is that chimpanzees and children possess a specific drive to gain information about social interactions. Another option is information quantity: a social interaction between two agents naturally contains more information than does a single agent acting alone, as the interaction provides information not only about the two actors but also about the nature of their relationship. Therefore, children and chimpanzees might show stronger curiosity for social interactions compared with individual agents to gain more information.