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The Neuroscience of Creativity, Perception, and Confirmation Bias.
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To ensure your survival, your brain evolved to avoid one thing: uncertainty. As neuroscientist Beau Lotto points out, if your ancestors wondered for too long whether that noise was a predator or not, you wouldn’t be here right now. Our brains are geared to make fast assumptions, and questioning them in many cases quite literally equates to death. No wonder we’re so hardwired for confirmation bias. No wonder we’d rather stick to the status quo than risk the uncertainty of a better political model, a fairer financial system, or a healthier relationship pattern. But here’s the catch: as our brains evolved toward certainty, we simultaneously evolved away from creativity—that’s no coincidence; creativity starts with a question, with uncertainty, not with a cut and dried answer. To be creative, we have to unlearn millions of years of evolution. Creativity asks us to do that which is hardest: to question our assumptions, to doubt what we believe to be true. That is the only way to see differently. And if you think creativity is a chaotic and wild force, think again, says Beau Lotto. It just looks that way from the outside. The brain cannot make great leaps, it can only move linearly through mental possibilities. When a creative person forges a connection between two things that are, to your mind, so far apart, that’s a case of high-level logic. They have moved through steps that are invisible to you, perhaps because they are more open-minded and well-practiced in questioning their assumptions. Creativity, it seems, is another (highly sophisticated) form of logic. Beau Lotto is the author of Deviate: The Science of Seeing Differently.
BEAU LOTTO:
Beau Lotto is a professor of neuroscience, previously at University College London and now at the University of London, and a Visiting Scholar at New York University.
His work focuses on the biological, computational and psychological mechanisms of perception. He has conducted and presented research on human and bumblebee perception and behavior for more than 25 years, and his interest in education, business and the arts has led him into entrepreneurship and engaging the public with science.
In 2001, Beau founded the Lab of Misfits, a neuro-design studio that was resident for two years at London’s Science Museum and most recently at Viacom in New York. The lab’s experimental studio approach aims to deepen our understanding of human nature, advance personal and social well-being through research that places the public at the centre of the process of discovery, and create unique programmes of engagement that span the boundaries between people, disciplines and institutions. Originally from Seattle, with degrees from UC Berkeley and Edinburgh Medical School, he now lives in Oxford and New York.
The event that shaped the world of Blade Runner is an event you’ve probably never heard of: World War Terminus. CJ explores the origin of Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep’s environmental desolation and asks: did it happen in the movie, too?
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Word on the street is that GPT-4 is already done, and that the geniuses at OpenAI are secretly working on GPT-5 as we speak. That’s right; you heard it here first! But is it true? Is the next generation of language models already underway? Let’s dive in and find out.
0:00: Intro.
0:29: GPT-5
1:31: Is Bing’s AI Chatbot GPT-4?
4:13 A100 GPUs.
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Amna Nawaz:
Artificial intelligence, or A.I., is everywhere. It’s now part of our conversations about education and politics and social media. It’s also become a hot topic in the art world.
Programs that generate art using A.I. are widely available to the public and are skyrocketing in popularity. But what goes into these programs and the work that comes out are heavily debated in the arts community.
There is this picture—you may have seen it. It is black and white and has two silhouettes facing one another. Or maybe you see the black vase with a white background. But now, you likely see both.
It is an example of a visual illusion that reminds us to consider what we did not see at first glance, what we may not be able to see, or what our experience has taught us to know—there is always more to the picture or maybe even a different image to consider altogether. Researchers are finding the process in our brain that allows us to see these visual distinctions may not be happening the same way in the brains of children with autism spectrum disorder. They may be seeing these illusions differently.
“How our brain puts together pieces of an object or visual scene is important in helping us interact with our environments,” said Emily Knight, MD, Ph.D., assistant professor of Neuroscience and Pediatrics at the University of Rochester Medical Center, and first author on a study out today in the Journal of Neuroscience. “When we view an object or picture, our brains use processes that consider our experience and contextual information to help anticipate sensory inputs, address ambiguity, and fill in the missing information.”
In an interview with EE Times, Classiq CEO Nir Minerbi said Classiq’s academic program is an essential part of its broader strategy to expand the platform’s reach and promote the quantum computing business.
“We believe that offering this program will give students the tools and knowledge they need to learn practical quantum software-development skills while also providing researchers with a streamlined means of developing advanced quantum computing algorithms capable of taking advantage of ever more powerful quantum hardware,” he said. “In addition, our program enables students and researchers to test, validate and run their quantum programs on real hardware, providing valuable real-world experience. Ultimately, we think that our academic program will have a significant impact on the quantum computing community by promoting education and research in the field—and helping to drive innovation and progress in the industry.”
Classiq and Microsoft are among the top companies developing quantum computing software. The quantum stack developed by the firms advances Microsoft’s vision for quantum programming languages, which was published in the 2020 issue of Nature.
I attended Celesta Capital’s TechSurge Summit on February 13, 2023 at the Computer History Museum. In this piece I will talk about interview with Nic Brathwaite Founder and Managing Partner of Celesta Capital as well as Sriram Viswanathan (Founding General Manager of Celesta and heavily involved in venture investments in India), and a panel discussion by John Hennessy (Chairman of Alphabet).
In a companion article I will talk about my interview with John Hennessy, Chairman of Alphabet (Google’s parent company) and Vint Cerf, also with Google, during the TechSurge Summit.
He also said that the current cost of inference is too high and that Chat GBT is too often busy. He thought that there were opportunities to build AI systems trained and focused on particular uses, which would lead to smaller models and they would be more practical. He thought we are 1–2 years away from useful products, particularly in business intelligence. He also said that the use of AI allows us to program with data rather than lots of lines of code. Google was hesitant to produce something like Chat GBT, they didn’t want the system to say wrong or toxic things. He said that the tech industry needs to be more careful to encourage a civil society and that many tools, such as the Internet, were not anticipated to be used to do evil things.
John said that AI can be an amplifier of human intelligence. It could be used to help teach kids in a classroom with customized instruction to match their rate and type of learning. He said that the chance of making a true general AI is much more likely than it was in the past. He also made comments on defensive technologies, blockchain, fighting climate change, the future of semiconductor technology in the US and medical innovations.
Celesta’s TechSurge Summit covered investment trends in deep technology and included insights on data growth and demand. John Hennessy, CEO of Alphabet, covered many topics, including how AI can be an amplifier of human intelligence.
Greatest beauty on the inside a beautiful mind.
Benchmarks from German AI startup Aleph Alpha show that the startup’s latest AI models can keep up with OpenAI’s GPT-3. A success that should not lull Europe into a false sense of security.
ChatGPT has catapulted artificial intelligence into the public discussion like no other product before it. Behind the chatbot is the U.S. company OpenAI, which made headlines with the large-scale language model GPT-3 and later with the text-to-picture model DALL-E 2. The impact of systems like ChatGPT or Midjourney on education and work, which can be felt today, was foreseeable even then.
The underlying language models are often referred to in research as foundation models: a large AI model that, due to its generalist training with large datasets, can later take on many tasks for which it was not explicitly trained.
