Can a single blood test diagnose dementia? Researchers used AI and proteomics to identify Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and ALS from one sample.
Category: biotech/medical – Page 97
Cell ratio control using synthetic circuits
PrimeC demonstrated comparable safety to placebo and showed slowed functional decline, reduced ALS-related complications, and modulation of iron-regulatory and microRNA biomarkers in adults with ALS over 18 months of treatment.
Question Is PrimeC safe and well tolerated in people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and does it demonstrate clinical and biomarker activity?
Findings In this randomized clinical trial, PrimeC demonstrated a safety profile comparable to placebo over 18 months. Continuous treatment was associated with slower functional decline, reduced risk of ALS-related complications, and increased probability of overall survival, alongside significant modulation of iron-regulatory and microRNA biomarkers.
Meaning These findings reinforce the safety and treatment effect in conjunction with biologic activity of PrimeC treatment and support confirmatory evaluation in phase 3 trial as a potential disease-modifying therapy for ALS.
Significant Genes Associated with Mortality and Disease Progression in Grade II and III Glioma
Background: The Wnt/β-catenin pathway plays a critical role in the tumorigenesis and maintenance of glioma stem cells. This study aimed to evaluate significant genes associated with the Wnt/β-catenin pathway involved in mortality and disease progression in patients with grade II and III glioma, using the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Methods: We obtained clinicopathological information and mRNA expression data from 515 patients with grade II and III gliomas from the TCGA database. We performed a multivariate Cox regression analysis to identify genes independently associated with glioma prognosis. Results: The analysis of 34 genes involved in Wnt/β-catenin signaling demonstrated that four genes (CER1, FRAT1, FSTL1, and RPSA) related to the Wnt/β-catenin pathway were significantly associated with mortality and disease progression in patients with grade II and III glioma.
Periodic Therapeutic Phlebotomy Mitigates Systemic Aging Phenotypes by Promoting Bone Marrow Function
Leeches, anyone? https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=1259991996251634&set…680&type=3
Aging is the primary risk factor for numerous chronic diseases, making the identification of safe and effective anti-aging strategies a critical focus in biomedical research. Heterochronic parabiosis by blood exchange shows that the exchange interaction between young and old plasma can exert anti-aging effects through exchange of bloodborne factors. However, the limited plasma source greatly affects clinical translation. Here, we demonstrate that periodic therapeutic phlebotomy in D-galactose-induced aging models exerts significant and comprehensive anti-aging effects, which is reflected by a notable improvement in aging-associated behavioral deficits and neurogenesis, a significant decrease in the level of circulating senescence-associated secretory phenotypes, and an obvious mitigation of aging-associated structural degradation and molecular alterations within the muscle, bone, liver, kidney, and nervous systems. Mechanistically, periodic therapeutic phlebotomy induces bone marrow microenvironment restoration through functional rescue of mesenchymal stem cells and endothelial cells, thereby reestablishing balanced hematopoietic homeostasis. This hematopoietic revitalization subsequently drives systemic improvements in peripheral blood composition and function. In conclusion, our work provides preliminary evidence suggesting that periodic therapeutic phlebotomy exerts anti-aging effects by restoring bone marrow function and mitigating aging phenotypes, subsequently driving peripheral blood functional restoration. Given its technical simplicity and safety profile, this periodic therapeutic phlebotomy strategy will hold potential to pave the way for clinical translation.
Current Knowledge on the Use of Neuromonitoring in Thyroid Surgery
Thyroid surgery rates have tripled over the past three decades, making it one of the most frequently performed procedures within general surgery. Thyroid surgery is associated with the possibility of serious postoperative complications which have a significant impact on the patient’s quality of life. Recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) palsy and external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (EBSLN) palsy are, next to hypoparathyroidism and postoperative bleeding, some of the most common complications. The introduction of neuromonitoring into thyroid surgery, which enabled both the confirmation of anatomical integrity and the assessment of laryngeal nerve function, was a milestone that began a new era in thyroid surgery.
Quantum magnetism: Spin-flip process in atomic nucleus does not account for all magnetic behavior
In the air people breathe, the water on Earth, the stars in the sky and more, atoms are the building blocks that make up the universe. Understanding the structure of the atomic nucleus is crucial for research with implications for astrophysics and in applications such as medical imaging and data storage.
A new study conducted by Department of Physics researchers using the John D. Fox Superconducting Linear Accelerator Laboratory at Florida State University examined titanium-50 nuclei and showed that a long-standing explanation for where magnetism in atomic nuclei comes from does not fully work for titanium-50. The research, which was published in Physical Review Letters, suggests that scientists may need to rethink how they explain nuclear magnetism.
“What current models propose is that magnetic strength is largely generated by spin-flip excitations, that means when flipping proton or neutron spins from up to down between so-called spin-orbit partner orbitals,” said Associate Professor Mark Spieker, a co-author on the multi-institution study. “For the first time, we showed that this type of spin-flip cannot be the only mechanism that generates nuclear magnetism.”
Targeting the tiniest divide: Research reveals potential vulnerability in bacterial reproduction
A Université de Montréal study has found a previously unknown mechanism in bacterial reproduction that could be attacked by future antibiotics. Bacteria reproduce by dividing into two: they form a wall, or septum, between the two future cells while remodeling the old cell walls so the so-called “daughter” cells can separate without bursting. Until now, scientists had believed that once the dividing wall was built, bacteria gradually break down the links between its two sides to allow the cells to separate in a process called cleavage.
However, the new study published in Nature Communications shows that bacteria actually strengthen the septum during the final moments of cleavage by a previously undetected mechanism. The research was led by Yves Brun, a professor in the Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology at Université de Montréal and holder of the Canada 150 Research Chair in Bacterial Cell Biology.
Scientists capture atoms in motion, unlocking next-generation memory technology
Monash University researchers have captured the exact atomic movements that write data to next-generation memory devices, which could pave the way for smaller, faster and more energy-efficient electronics. Published in Nature Communications, the study was led by Dr. Kousuke Ooe, a Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) postdoctoral fellow in the School of Physics and Astronomy at Monash University who is first author of the paper, in collaboration with Australian Laureate Professor Joanne Etheridge and researchers from the Japan Fine Ceramics Center, Kyoto University, and the University of Osaka.
Using advanced electron microscopy at the Monash Center for Electron Microscopy (MCEM), the team captured atomic-scale movements inside promising memory materials, known as fluorite-type ferroelectrics, that could overcome current limits to how small and efficient memory devices can become.
Everyday technologies, such as smartphones, medical devices, wearable electronics and contactless IC cards used in public transport, store data as billions of digital 1s and 0s. In these materials, the physical position of an atom acts like a “switch”—and moving an atom just a fraction of a nanometer is what flips a data bit from a 0 to a 1.
A Startup Has Been Quietly Pitching Cloned Human Bodies to Transfer Your Brain Into
That hasn’t stopped some from exploring the idea as part of a secretive effort to realize an alternative to anti-aging tech that sounds like it was ripped straight out of a dystopian science fiction novel. A billionaire-backed stealth startup, called R3 Bio, recently announced that it was raising money to develop non-sentient monkey “organ sacks,” as Wired reported last week, an eyebrow-raising alternative to animal testing. Such structures would contain all typical organs excluding the brain, ultimately serving as a source for donor organs and tissues.
But according to a sprawling followup investigation by MIT Technology Review, R3 Bio’s founders secretly have a far more ambitious goal in mind: creating entire “brainless clones” of the human body that aging or ill individuals could one day transplant their brain into. One advantage of not developing the brain in the donor bodies, albeit a ghoulish one: such a brain-free clone would neatly circumvent certain moral conundrums over the concept.
Still, to call the idea ethically fraught would be a vast understatement. Despite an insider likening a pitch they heard from R3’s founder, John Schloendorn, to a “close encounter of the third kind” with “Dr. Strangelove” in an interview with Tech Review, the company has since distanced itself from the idea of brainless human clones.
Bile acid and steroid signatures tied to extreme longevity
Centenarians often live to 100+ due to a combination of protective genetic factors, which account for up to 50%, and healthy lifestyles, such as plant-forward diets, regular, natural movement and strong social connections. While these “agers” often possess unique immune system signatures, understanding the metabolic signs of healthy aging is not yet fully understood.
In a new study from Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, researchers have discovered that centenarians have a distinct blood metabolite pattern that is not just an extension of normal aging. In particular, they show uniquely higher levels of certain primary and secondary bile acids and preserved levels of several steroids, patterns that diverge from the typical age trends seen in non-centenarians and that are linked to lower death risk. The study is published in the journal GeroScience.
“Our study points to measurable chemical fingerprints in the blood that are associated with living a very long and healthy life. If we can understand those fingerprints, we may identify biological pathways that could contribute to protecting people from age-related decline,” explains corresponding author Stefano Monti, Ph.D., professor of medicine at the school.