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Category: biotech/medical – Page 81

The brain tries to repair damage after a stroke by utilizing its own repair cells, which function like skilled craftsmen. However, their efforts are often obstructed by inflammation, according to new research from the University of Southern Denmark and the University.

A new study conducted by researchers from the Department of Molecular Medicine at SDU highlights one of the most severe consequences of stroke: damage to the brain’s “cables”—the nerve fibers—which results in permanent impairments. Based on unique tissue samples from Denmark’s Brain Bank at SDU, the study could pave the way for new treatments to help the brain repair itself.

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Scientists have unveiled a groundbreaking method to test how thousands of active substances influence cellular metabolism simultaneously.

By using high-throughput metabolomics and mass spectrometry, they identified unexpected effects of existing medications, paving the way for repurposing drugs and accelerating drug discovery. This approach could one day align patient-specific metabolic data with tailored treatments.

Understanding active substances and cell metabolism.

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Dr. Armour, in 1991, discovered that the heart has its “little brain” or “intrinsic cardiac nervous system.” This “heart brain” is composed of approximately 40,000 neurons that are alike neurons in the brain, meaning that the heart has its own nervous system. In addition, the heart communicates with the brain in many methods: neurologically, biochemically, biophysically, and energetically. The vagus nerve, which is 80% afferent, carries information from the heart and other internal organs to the brain. Signals from the “heart brain” redirect to the medulla, hypothalamus, thalamus, and amygdala and the cerebral cortex. Thus, the heart sends more signals to the brain than vice versa. Research has demonstrated that pain perception is modulated by neural pathways and methods targeting the heart such as vagus nerve stimulation and heart-rhythm coherence feedback techniques. The heart is not just a pump. It has its neural network or “little brain.” The methods targeting the heart modulate pain regions in the brain. These methods seem to modulate the key changes that occur in the brain regions and are involved in the cognitive and emotional factors of pain. Thus, the heart is probably a key moderator of pain.

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Can you trust your senses? Do animals have morals? Is your mind deceiving you?

Find out in BRAIN JOB: Perception, where we explore mind-bending phenomena like change blindness, the Trolley Problem, time travel, and more.

Thanks to museum of illusions chicago.

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A new Tulane University study suggests the Mediterranean diet’s brain-boosting benefits may work by changing the balance of bacteria in the gut.

In a study published in Gut Microbes Reports, researchers at Tulane University School of Medicine found that subjects following a Mediterranean diet developed distinctly different gut bacteria patterns compared to those eating a typical Western diet. These bacterial changes correlated with better memory and cognitive performance.

“We’ve known that what we eat affects brain function, but this study explores how that could be happening,” said lead author Rebecca Solch-Ottaiano, Ph.D., neurology research instructor at Tulane’s Clinical Neuroscience Research Center. “Our findings suggest that dietary choices can influence cognitive performance by reshaping the gut microbiome.”

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Visualizing cells after editing specific genes can help scientists learn new details about the function of those genes. But using microscopy to do this at scale can be challenging, particularly when studying thousands of genes at a time.

Now, researchers at the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, along with collaborators at Calico Life Sciences, have developed an approach that brings the power of microscopy imaging to genome-scale CRISPR screens in a scalable way.

PERISCOPE—which stands for perturbation effect readout in situ via single-cell optical phenotyping—combines two technologies developed by Broad scientists: Cell Painting, which can capture images and key measures of subcellular compartments at scale, and Optical Pooled Screening, which “barcodes” cells and uses CRISPR to systematically turn off individual genes to study their function in those cells.

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Through his research, the physician believes there are clues hinting at our reality being a simulation, an has even suggested that mutations are not random — which would debunk the theory of evolution.

The abstract of Vopson’s study read: The simulation hypothesis is a philosophical theory, in which the entire universe and our objective reality are just simulated constructs.

Despite the lack of evidence, this idea is gaining traction in scientific circles as well as in the entertainment industry.

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📝 — Kim, et al.

The goal of the present study was to identify potential pivotal molecules with implications for novel and efficacious treatment options for pancreatic cancer, a disease with limited treatments available and notorious for its aggressive nature.

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Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive forms of cancer and is the seventh leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) accounts for over 90% of pancreatic cancers. Most pancreatic cancers are recalcitrant to radiation, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy, highlighting the urgent need for novel treatment options for this deadly disease. To this end, we screened a library of kinase inhibitors in the PDAC cell lines PANC-1 and BxPC-3 and identified two highly potent molecules: Aurora kinase inhibitor AT 9,283 (AT) and EGFR kinase inhibitor WZ 3,146 (WZ). Both AT and WZ exhibited a dose-dependent inhibition of viability in both cell lines.

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