A surprising class of blood cell not typically associated with immunity plays a role in shaping the durability of immunity to vaccination, new research suggests.
Category: biotech/medical – Page 392
Relative Distribution of DnaA and DNA in Escherichia coli Cells as a Factor of Their Phenotypic Variability
𧏠đ§đ»âđŹ By Prof. Itzhak Fishov, et al.
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Phenotypic variability in isogenic bacterial populations is a remarkable feature that helps them cope with external stresses, yet it is incompletely understood. This variability can stem from gene expression noise and/or the unequal partitioning of low-copy-number freely diffusing proteins during cell division. Some high-copy-number components are transiently associated with almost immobile large assemblies (hyperstructures) and may be unequally distributed, contributing to bacterial phenotypic variability. We focus on the nucleoid hyperstructure containing numerous DNA-associated proteins, including the replication initiator DnaA. Previously, we found an increasing asynchrony in the nucleoid segregation dynamics in growing E. coli cell lineages and suggested that variable replication initiation timing may be the main cause of this phenomenon.
How macronucleophagy ensures survival in nitrogen-starved yeast
Autophagy, the cellâs essential housekeeping process, involves degrading and recycling damaged organelles, proteins, and other components to prevent clutter. This vital mechanism, found in all life forms from single-celled organisms to plants and animals, is key to maintaining cellular homeostasis. Its disruption is linked to many known diseases in humans, such as Alzheimerâs, Parkinsonâs, and cancer.
Though understanding autophagy in detail is important from medical and biological perspectives, it is not a one-size-fits-all process. There are several forms of autophagy that differ in how the components to be degraded are transported to the lysosomes or vacuolesâthe organelles that serve as the cellâs waste disposal and recycling centers.
Autophagy targets a range of intracellular components, including a part of the nucleus that stores important chromosomes. However, the physiological significance of autophagic degradation of the nucleus remains unknown.
Specialized hardware solves high-order optimization problems with in-memory computing
In an unprecedented new study, researchers have shown neurotransmitters in the human brain are released during the processing of the emotional content of language, providing new insights into how people interpret the significance of words.
The work, conducted by an international team led by Virginia Tech scientists, offers deeper understanding into how language influences human choices and mental health.
Spearheaded by computational neuroscientist Read Montague, a professor of the Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC and director of the instituteâs Center for Human Neuroscience Research, the study represents a first-of-its-kind exploration of how neurotransmitters process the emotional content of languageâa uniquely human function.
Micro, modular, mobileâDNA-linked microrobots offer new possibilities in medicine and manufacturing
When robots are made out of modular units, their size, shape, and functionality can be modified to perform any number of tasks. At the microscale, modular robots could enable applications like targeted drug delivery and autonomous micromanufacturing; but building hundreds of identical robots the size of a red blood cell has its challenges.
âAt this scale, robots are not big enough to hold a microcontroller to tell them what to do,â explained Taryn Imamura, a Ph.D. Candidate in Carnegie Mellon Universityâs Department of Mechanical Engineering.
âActive colloids (the robots) have what we call embodied intelligence, meaning their behavior, including the speed at which they travel, is determined by their size and shape. At the same time, it becomes more difficult to build microrobots that have the same size and structure as they get smaller.â
Life in Slow Motion: Can Time Perception and the Speed of Information Processing be Manipulated?
Author: Agnes Chan // Editor: Erin Pallott
I believe most of you have seen that in movies life-threatening events are often depicted in slow motion. Have you ever wondered that it may be true that time is slowed down during certain events? There are several situations in which time was reported to have slowed down or things appeared to happen in slow motion. For example, people often report time slowing down during car crashes or other high-adrenaline situations. These situations are often associated with high levels of fear and danger. If time appeared to be slowing down, it implies that the speed of the internal clock increased during the event. Similar phenomena were reported in military firefights and professional players of high-speed sports reporting their opponents moving in slow motion. It can also be seen in more ordinary events like anxiously waiting for a doctorâs appointment and the passing of time felt slower.
Seven Days of Fasting: How Your Body Transforms Inside and Out
A recent study highlights that significant health benefits and molecular adaptations from fasting are detectable after three days.
Recent findings show that prolonged fasting triggers significant and systematic changes across multiple organs in the body. These results highlight potential health benefits that extend beyond weight loss, but they also reveal that these impactful changes only begin to occur after three full days without food.
Health Benefits of Fasting Unveiled.
82 Year Old Longevity Biohackerâs Experience With Follistatin Gene Therapy
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AI Reveals Gene Activity in Human Cells
Summary: Researchers have developed an AI model that accurately predicts gene activity in any human cell, providing insights into cellular functions and disease mechanisms.
Trained on data from over 1.3 million cells, the model can predict gene expression in unseen cell types with high accuracy. It has already uncovered mechanisms driving a pediatric leukemia and may help explore the genomeâs âdark matter,â where most cancer mutations occur.