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Category: biotech/medical – Page 390

First U.S. H5N1 Death Sparks Urgency: Scientists Warn That Bird Flu Is Mutating Faster Than Expected

Researchers at Texas Biomed have identified nine mutations in a strain of bird flu found in a person in Texas. Bad news: This strain shows an increased ability to cause disease and is more effective at replicating in the brain. Good news: Current approved antiviral treatments remain effective against this strain.

Researchers at the Texas Biomedical Research Institute (Texas Biomed) have identified a strain of bird flu isolated from a human in Texas that carries a distinctive set of mutations, making it more adept at replicating in human cells and causing severe disease in mice. This strain was compared to one found in dairy cattle, and the findings are detailed in Emerging Microbes & Infections.

The discovery underscores a significant concern about the H5N1 strains of bird flu currently circulating in the U.S.: the virus.

Bacteria in polymers create cable-like structures that grow into living gels

Scientists at Caltech and Princeton University have discovered that bacterial cells growing in a solution of polymers, such as mucus, form long cables that buckle and twist on each other, building a kind of “living Jell-O.”

The finding could be particularly important to the study and treatment of diseases such as cystic fibrosis, in which the mucus that lines the lungs becomes more concentrated, often causing bacterial infections that take hold in that mucus to become life threatening. This discovery could also have implications in studies of polymer-secreting conglomerations of bacteria known as biofilms—the slippery goo on river rocks, for example—and in industrial applications where they can cause equipment malfunctions and health hazards.

The work is described in a paper published on January 17 in the journal Science Advances.

OpenAI is trying to extend human life, with help from a longevity startup

OpenAI says it trained a new AI model called GPT-4b micro with Retro Biosciences, a longevity science startup trying to extend the human lifespan by 10 years, according to the MIT Technology Review.

Retro, which is backed by Sam Altman, has been working with OpenAI for roughly a year on this research, according to the report. The GPT-4b micro model tries to re-engineer proteins — a specific set called the Yamanaka factors — that can turn human skin cells into young-seeming stem cells. Retro believes these proteins are a promising step toward building human organs and providing supplies of replacement cells.

The model differs slightly from Google’s Nobel prize-winning AlphaFold, which predicts the shape of proteins, but it appears to be OpenAI’s first model that is custom-built for biological research. OpenAI and Retro tell the MIT Technology Review they plan to release research on the model and its outputs.

Borophene: The Next Revolution in Nanotechnology

Explore the groundbreaking potential of borophene, a two-dimensional nanomaterial made of boron that outperforms graphene in strength and flexibility. Discover its exceptional properties, including superior electrical and thermal conductivity, unmatched mechanical resistance, and remarkable chemical reactivity. This episode delves into its promising applications in fields such as flexible electronics, energy storage, and nanomedicine. We also compare borophene to graphene and discuss the challenges of scaling up production for widespread use. A deep dive into the material poised to redefine the future of technology.

Six effective morning habits to lower cholesterol, according to cardiologist

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Cholesterol management is key to maintaining a healthy heart, and adopting the right habits in the morning can make a significant difference. Whether it’s what you eat, how you move, or even how you start your day mentally, these small but effective changes can help improve your cholesterol levels over time.

If high cholesterol levels are a concern, incorporating specific morning routines into your daily life can provide lasting benefits. Here’s what Dr Prateek Chaudhary, senior consultant, Interventional Cardiology at Asian Hospital, suggests you should do.

Tiny magnetic discs offer remote brain stimulation without transgenes

Novel magnetic nanodiscs could provide a much less invasive way of stimulating parts of the brain, paving the way for stimulation therapies without implants or genetic modification, MIT researchers report.

The scientists envision that the tiny discs, which are about 250 nanometers across (about 1/500 the width of a human hair), would be injected directly into the desired location in the brain. From there, they could be activated at any time simply by applying a magnetic field outside the body. The new particles could quickly find applications in biomedical research, and eventually, after sufficient testing, might be applied to clinical uses.

The development of these nanoparticles is described in the journal Nature Nanotechnology, in a paper by Polina Anikeeva, a professor in MIT’s departments of Materials Science and Engineering and Brain and Cognitive Sciences, graduate student Ye Ji Kim, and 17 others at MIT and in Germany.

USC Study Exposes Hidden Culprit of Dementia in Brain’s Blood Vessels

A new USC-led study has found that mild cognitive impairment is associated with blood vessel dysfunction in the brain’s temporal lobes, the region responsible for memory.

This vascular issue was observed in individuals both with and without amyloid buildup in the brain, indicating that microvascular dysfunction could serve as an early biomarker for dementia and a potential target for treatment.

The study, conducted by researchers from several universities, was published in the journal Neurology.

Artificial motors mimic muscle proteins, opening new paths in nanotech

Scientists have built an artificial motor capable of mimicking the natural mechanisms that power life. Just like the proteins in our muscles, which convert chemical energy into power to allow us to perform daily tasks, these tiny rotary motors use chemical energy to generate force, store energy, and perform tasks in a similar way.

The finding, from The University of Manchester and the University of Strasbourg and published in the journal Nature, provides new insights into the fundamental processes that drive life at the and could open doors for applications in medicine, , and nanotechnology.

“Biology uses chemically powered molecular machines for every , such as transporting chemicals around the cell, information processing or reproduction. By replicating nature at the nanoscale level, we can design entirely new materials with highly specific functions that don’t exist in the natural world. Building this outside of nature also gives us greater simplicity and control over its functions and uses,” said Professor David Leigh, lead researcher from The University of Manchester.

Gut Health Impacts The Thymus And Immune System During Aging: Niharika Duggal, PhD

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Ultra-small neuromorphic chip learns and corrects errors autonomously

Existing computer systems have separate data processing and storage devices, making them inefficient for processing complex data like AI. A KAIST research team has developed a memristor-based integrated system similar to the way our brain processes information. It is now ready for application in various devices, including smart security cameras, allowing them to recognize suspicious activity immediately without having to rely on remote cloud servers, and medical devices with which it can help analyze health data in real time.

The joint research team of Professor Shinhyun Choi and Professor Young-Gyu Yoon of the School of Electrical Engineering has developed the next-generation neuromorphic semiconductor-based ultra-small computing chip that can learn and correct errors on its own. The research is published in the journal Nature Electronics.

What is special about this computing chip is that it can learn and correct errors that occur due to non-ideal characteristics that were difficult to solve in existing neuromorphic devices. For example, when processing a , the chip learns to automatically separate a moving object from the background, and it becomes better at this task over time.

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