The RNA editing enzyme ADAR slows intestinal stem cell aging by reducing proliferative MAPK signaling.
Category: biotech/medical – Page 34
Blocking a mitochondrial transporter may curb inflammation from ‘zombie’ cells without killing them
Researchers have uncovered a previously unknown mechanism that helps aging cells drive the chronic inflammation linked to many age-related diseases. The findings reveal how dysfunctional mitochondria—the cell’s energy-producing structures—work with the cell’s epigenetic machinery to switch on inflammatory genes, opening the door to a new therapeutic approach for promoting healthier aging.
The study, published in Nature, builds on years of research showing that senescent, or “zombie,” cells accumulate with age. While these cells no longer divide, they remain metabolically active and release a cocktail of inflammatory molecules known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype, or SASP.
This persistent inflammation is thought to contribute to frailty, cardiovascular disease, cancer, neurodegeneration and other disorders of aging.
Antihistamines likely offer no meaningful benefit for eczema and may increase harms
Adding oral antihistamines to existing eczema treatments is unlikely to lead to clinically important reductions in eczema and itch severity and may not reduce sleep disturbance or flare-ups, finds a review of the latest trial evidence published by The BMJ today.
Some antihistamines may also increase side effects such as drowsiness and the risk of patients stopping treatment.
The researchers say this review addresses longstanding uncertainty surrounding the role of antihistamines in treating eczema, and the results do not support their use in routine eczema management.
Pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome
Despite the continued absence of a definitive biomarker for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), research over the last three decades has identified a wide range of underlying pathophysiological abnormalities. Peripheral mechanisms include gastrointestinal infection, changes in the gut microbiome, visceral hypersensitivity, increased intestinal permeability, low-grade mucosal inflammation and altered immune function, abnormal gastrointestinal motility, and the role of serotonin, bile acid metabolism, and carbohydrate metabolism.
Scientists identify new mitochondrial pathway linked to harmful inflammation in aging
ROCHESTER, Minn. — Researchers have uncovered a previously unknown mechanism that helps aging cells drive the chronic inflammation linked to many age-related diseases. The findings reveal how dysfunctional mitochondria — the cell’s energy-producing structures — work with the cell’s epigenetic machinery to switch on inflammatory genes, opening the door to a new therapeutic approach for
JCI: Centre for Immuno-Oncology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
2 Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, Oxford, United Kingdom.
3State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
Scientists find a simple way to stop cavities without drilling
A liquid brushed onto cavities in seconds may spare many young children from pain, infection, and surgery. A major U.S. trial found that silver diamine fluoride stopped decay in more than half of treated baby teeth. The treatment requires no drilling, shots, or sedation, although it does permanently darken the decayed area.
Cell junction proteins regulate stem cell signaling and tissue homeostasis
In many animal tissues, stem cells continually divide to create new cells that replace old or damaged ones. However, this capacity requires strict regulation, as uncontrolled stem cell proliferation can disrupt tissue homeostasis and contribute to tumorigenesis.
Researchers at the National Institute for Physiological Sciences have identified a previously unknown mechanism that controls stem cell proliferation in the Drosophila intestine. The study reveals that smooth septate junction (sSJ) proteins, known for their role in cell-cell adhesion, also regulate signaling in differentiating intestinal progenitor cells to prevent excessive stem cell growth.
Spray-on coating traps particles more tightly and nearly doubles air filter lifespan
Breathing clean air is essential for human health, making air filters indispensable in homes, hospitals, workplaces and industrial settings. However, despite decades of advances in filter materials and design, a major challenge remains. Capturing airborne particles is only half the battle; keeping them securely trapped is equally important.
Conventional air filters rely on weak adhesive forces, allowing some captured particles to detach and re-enter the air. This reduces filtration efficiency, shortens filter lifespan and highlights the need for smarter, more durable air filtration technologies.
