Lifeboat Foundation: Safeguarding Humanity
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Category: biotech/medical – Page 1951

New research, led by scientists from the University of Rochester, has homed in on a mechanism responsible for causing the cognitive impairment seen in patients who receive cranial radiotherapy for brain cancer. This new understanding is hoped to lead to the development of novel ways to protect the brain from damage in the course of receiving life-saving cancer treatment.

Nearly 25,000 people in the United States are diagnosed with brain tumors every year, and many will undergo radiotherapy as a vital part of the treatment process. Sadly, more than 80 percent of patients administered a form of treatment known as whole-brain radiation therapy go on to develop permanent signs of cognitive impairment.

Prior research has discovered radiation delivered to the brain in the course of a cancer treatment seems to activate a brain immune cell known as microglia. Overactive microglia can damage healthy brains by destroying the synapses that connect neurons.

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Disruption of certain DNA structures—called topologically associating domains, or TADs—is linked with the development of disease, including some cancers. With its newly created algorithm that quickly locates and helps elucidate the complex functions of TADs, an international team of researchers is making it easier to study these important structures and help prevent disease.

“On your DNA you have and regulatory elements—such as promotors and enhancers—that , but these two things can be far away from each other,” said Qunhua Li, associate professor of statistics, Penn State. “Similar to a dresser drawer that keeps your clothes organized and available for use, TADs bring genes together with their regulatory elements, which enables them to begin the process of gene expression.”

Gene expression is the process by which the information encoded in DNA gives rise to observable traits.

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A new study sheds light on the accumulation of senescent cells and suggests that therapies that remove them could be beneficial both immediately and in the long term for human health and longevity.

Normally, as cells become damaged beyond repair, exhausted, and no longer able to replicate, they are removed from the body via a process known as apoptosis, which is a kind of self-destruct program initiated by the cell, or removed by the immune system. This system acts as a safety net to prevent damaged cells from remaining active and, in the context of cells damaged by mutations, a way to prevent cancer.

Unfortunately, as we age, this disposal system, like many others in our body, begins to falter and ultimately fail. This leads to the accumulation of unwanted, damaged senescent cells in every tissue of our body. This build-up of senescent cells is one of the proposed reasons we age and has been the focus of intense research in the last few years.

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Fibre’s role goes beyond keeping our digestive tract in order. It can also help with weight loss or maintenance, control blood sugar, lower cholesterol levels and reduce the risk of heart disease and diabetes.

However, many of us are not hitting our daily recommended amount of fibre — 20g for women and 26g for men.

Also, one in four Singaporeans experience chronic constipation. If you are one of them, here is how you can add fibre to your diet.

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