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Category: biological – Page 4

Deep biosphere has endured mountain-building and erosion over hundreds of millions of years

A new study reveals that microbial life deep within Earth has persisted and repeatedly flourished through hundreds of millions of years of mountain-building and erosion. By analyzing minerals, fluids and gases from a 2.3-kilometer-deep (1.4-mile-deep) borehole in central Sweden, researchers have uncovered episodic bursts of methane-producing life linked to major geological events that shaped Scandinavia. The paper is published in the journal Communications Earth & Environment.

The deep continental subsurface is one of Earth’s least explored ecosystems. Yet it hosts microbial communities capable of ancient metabolisms such as methanogenesis—the production of methane by microorganisms. Now, an international research team led by scientists at Linnaeus University has reconstructed an unprecedented long-term history of these deep biosphere processes.

Your Mother’s Age May Leave a Biological Mark That Lasts for Generations

Maternal age effects may arise from reversible epigenetic changes whose impact depends partly on genetics and evolutionary pressures.

A mother’s age can leave a biological imprint on her offspring, influencing physical and behavioral traits across many animal species, including humans. These so-called maternal age effects are widespread, but scientists still do not fully understand the biological mechanisms behind them or why evolution has allowed them to persist.

“Maternal age effects are incredibly common, from invertebrates up through humans, elephants, other primates and other mammals,” said Kristin Gribble, an associate scientist in the Bay Paul Center at the Marine Biological Laboratory. “Nearly all forms of life show some level of maternal age effect, and most are negative effects caused by advanced maternal age.”

From Darwin to Derrida: evolution as interpretation

One of the first commandments of my scientific education was ‘thou shalt not use teleological language.’ This was closely related to a second commandment ‘thou shalt not commit anthropomorphism’. It was permissible to compare a frog to a machine but not to a human being (unless one also compared the human being to a machine). Biology did not concern itself with questions of value, purpose, and meaning. These were the province of flakey disciplines such as the humanities, social science, or religion. Asking ‘why’ rather than ‘how’ was unscientific, perhaps even sinful. In my book Darwin to Derrida, I offer an extended defense of the use of teleological reasoning in biology. The physical universe is a world without values. But meaning and purpose are the defining features of living things, they do things for good reasons because there are things in the world that they value. Biologists should not be ashamed of the difference.

Darwinian paradigm min

SUGGESTED READING The fight for the future of biology By Denis Noble

Teleology comes from the Greek telos, something at the end, which was translated into Latin as causa finalis, and from thence into English as final cause. The final cause was that ‘for the sake of which’ an action was performed or ‘for the sake of which’ a thing existed. Final causes have been rejected as unscientific because a cause cannot come after its effect. But there is no backward causation when we act with intention. We form a plan which we attempt to implement. The intention comes before the fruition. There is no guarantee we will succeed. The outcome is not predestined. The same applies to the intentional actions of human beings. One of my favorite passages from Augustine is this:

NASA finds Earth microbes could survive on the Moon

NASA scientists found that microbes brought by astronauts could survive in cold, shadowed niches around the Moon’s South Pole, potentially complicating future searches for pristine lunar chemistry. Some refuges may be no larger than a footprint, while one hardy fungus could even withstand limited exposure to sunlight.

Quantum control algorithm looks to explain how birds migrate

The hidden world of quantum mechanics exists at scales many orders of magnitude smaller than living organisms, yet scientists have long theorized that quantum effects play an important role in biology. Birds’ ability to sense magnetic fields during migration is one of the best-known mysteries in this field, with leading theories suggesting that this sensing could be achieved by exploiting quantum entanglement.

By proving a mathematical principle about how best to control quantum systems, researchers at the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology (OIST) have taken what could be the penultimate step toward finally putting this avian hypothesis to the test, while also unlocking new biological platforms for quantum computing. Their results are published in the journal Quantum.

Ugur Abdulla, head of the Analysis and Partial Differential Equations Unit at OIST, explains, “Many researchers have studied quantum effects and their role in biology, though it isn’t always easy to translate an idea or hypothesis into a laboratory experiment. We hope that by laying the mathematical foundation for controlling quantum phenomena, we can bring some of these ideas from quantum biology out of the theoretical realm and into the lab.”

The Turtle in Your Bloodstream

This week on Heliox, we trace the science from a rigorous long COVID symptom meta-analysis, through the structural biology of the “turtle” variant, to why a proven diagnostic test still isn’t in your local lab — and why clean air might be the fastest fix we actually have.

Podcast Episode · Heliox: Where Evidence Meets Empathy 🇨🇦‬ · September 2 · 17m.

In 1990, NASA recovered tomato seeds after nearly 6 years on LDEF; classroom tests found space seeds germinated at 73.8% versus 70.3% for Earth controls

If you were in a classroom in the early 1990s, there is a real chance you planted a piece of space history without even realizing it. NASA sent Rutgers tomato seeds into space for nearly six years and then gave them to 3.3 million students across the country, according to NASA’s Technical Reports Server. Years before people started talking about growing food on Mars, this quiet classroom project was already testing whether seeds could survive years of space radiation and still grow.

Why NASA left seeds in orbit for six years

The seeds were never meant to stay in space that long. The project, called the Space Exposed Experiment Developed for Students, or SEEDS, was a collaboration between NASA Headquarters, NASA’s Langley Research Center, and the George W. Park Seed Company. Rutgers tomato seeds were loaded onto the Long Duration Exposure Facility, a satellite designed to see how materials and biological samples perform over periods in orbit. The Challenger disaster in January 1986 changed the timeline, grounding the shuttle program for about 32 months until it returned to flight in September 1988. The satellite stayed in space far longer than expected. When it finally returned to Earth in January 1990, the tomato seeds had been in orbit for nearly six years. They had been exposed to radiation and solar wind the entire time.

Scientists Discover a Brain Signal Linked to Severe Suicidal Thoughts

P2RX7 may be linked to severe suicidal thoughts and recovery, but researchers still need to confirm the pattern in living people.

Severe suicidal thoughts may leave a detectable biological signal in the brain, and that signal could also change when people recover. Researchers at the Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience have identified a receptor that may be linked to these shifts, providing a possible new direction for studying resilience and suicide prevention.

In the Netherlands, nearly five people die by suicide each day, and there may be about twenty suicide attempts for every death. Despite the enormous consequences for individuals and families, scientists still understand relatively little about the biological processes associated with suicidal thoughts. Effective medications specifically targeting suicidal thoughts are also urgently needed.

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