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New algorithm makes maps of gene activity easier to compare while preserving cell-level detail

Spatial transcriptomics can reveal where thousands of genes are active across a tissue, creating molecular maps at single-cell resolution. But comparing two such maps is difficult: thin slices of tissue may be rotated, stretched or otherwise distorted, so equivalent regions do not automatically line up.

Researchers at Kanazawa University and Sapienza University of Rome have developed a computational method that aligns these maps directly from the individual measurement locations and their gene-activity values. Called Domain Elastic Transform (DET), it smoothly reshapes one digital map to match another without first converting the measurements into a regular grid of pixels.

The research, led by Osamu Hirose of Kanazawa University in collaboration with Emanuele Rodolà of Sapienza University of Rome, was published in IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

Mirror-image crystals reverse the direction of light-driven currents

The circular photogalvanic effect (CPGE), a phenomenon that generates helicity-dependent photocurrents in noncentrosymmetric materials, can originate purely from a crystal’s internal structure without a contribution from the surface, a study from Science Tokyo reveals.

Researchers demonstrated this effect in 2D organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites using circularly polarized light at normal incidence, which helped distinguish the bulk response from surface contributions. The finding establishes a strategy for regulating spin-polarized photocurrents and advancing opto-spintronic technologies.

The findings are published in Nano Letters.

Smart silicone coatings can change their friction and stickiness as surroundings reshape nanoscale layers

Research led by a group from the University of Newcastle has found a new way to make silicone surfaces—and control how slippery they are. The work was published in the journal Chemistry of Materials.

Most of us have silicone in our homes, especially in the kitchen, where it is often found as a rubbery coating that is long-lasting, water-repellent and, crucially, slippery. Scientists have also wanted to make use of it at the nanoscale, where silicone has significant potential to reduce surface friction for use in medical devices and beyond.

Visual illusion reveals what today’s AI vision is missing

Our eyes do not always tell us exactly where things are—and that may be a feature of how biological vision works, rather than simply a flaw. A new study by York University researchers uses a common illusion to ask: If artificial intelligence is meant to see more like us, should it make some of the same systematic perceptual “mistakes”?

For example, after staring at something moving steadily in one direction, a stationary object viewed immediately afterward can appear slightly displaced in the opposite direction. This well-known visual illusion, called a motion aftereffect, gives scientists an unusual window into the computations underlying perception: The image itself has not moved, but our experience of where it is has changed.

The study, titled “The macaque IT cortex but not current artificial vision networks encode object position in perceptually aligned coordinates,” is published today in Current Biology.

Even when AI behaves just like us, people still rate it as less conscious than humans

Stories about AI systems deceiving users, cooperating with one another or pursuing their own goals increasingly invite us to talk about them as if they had minds of their own. But do people really believe that AI is conscious? A new LMU study suggests that they draw a surprisingly sharp line between intelligent behavior and consciousness.

The study, recently published in the journal Cognition, was led by Dr. Louis Longin from LMU’s Chair of Philosophy of Mind together with his colleagues Dr. Bahador Bahrami, professor Ophelia Deroy and other collaborators.

“Whereas previous studies have typically asked general questions about whether AI actually has mental states, our study is the first to directly compare how people attribute the same mental states to AI and humans behaving in exactly the same way, under identical circumstances,” says Longin.

A laser that stays locked without active control

EPFL researchers have developed a chip-based laser that keeps a very stable frequency across its tested operating range, without needing active electronic control. Their research is published in the journal Nature Photonics.

Lasers provide the precise light needed for atomic clocks, quantum sensors, fiber-optic monitoring, coherent communications and distance measurements. These applications depend on lasers whose optical frequency remains exceptionally stable. The most precise systems often rely on bulky laboratory lasers, which limits their use in compact and portable technologies.

Semiconductor lasers offer a practical alternative. They are small, electrically powered and suitable for large-scale manufacturing. Their frequency, though, tends to fluctuate much more than that of the fiber lasers used in precision systems.

Protons ride moving waves to reach record energy with long-pulse lasers

Imagine a proton catching a wave and surfing it to gain speed. While the imagery may seem wild, the premise of laser-driven ion acceleration has promise as an alternative to conventional accelerators. However, the ultrathin targets used to drive this increase in ion energy are vulnerable to the weak prepulse that precedes the main high-intensity laser pulse, meaning an adaptation in the process is necessary.

Nevertheless, researchers from the University of Osaka have now used lasers to create a moving electric field that accelerates protons to very high energies. This adapted approach could ultimately contribute to the development of next-generation particle accelerators, with fewer concerns about target vulnerabilities. The findings have been published in Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics.

Physicists who uncovered the first particle accelerator were honored with a Nobel Prize 75 years ago

While scientists are known for their dedication to their research, crawling on the floor to avoid electrocution for the sake of a measurement seems a little excessive. But this is what British physicist John Cockcroft and Irish physicist Ernest T.S. Walton had to do in the early 1930s while studying the structure of atomic nuclei. Luckily, their efforts led to their receiving the Nobel Prize in 1951.

In the early 1930s, scientists were just beginning to discover the extraordinary world hidden inside the atom, which is made up of a dense center, called the nucleus, with electrons orbiting around it.

Nobel laureate Ernest Rutherford had already shown that radioactive materials sometimes emitted particles, naturally changing the makeup of their atomic nuclei. When energetic particles collided with atomic nuclei, they could trigger a reaction that rearranged the protons and neutrons in the nucleus—sometimes transforming one element into another. But scientists could only study this phenomenon using particles from radioactive decays, which provided limited energy and intensity.

A Few Picoseconds Reveal Superconductivity’s Hidden Breaking Point

Ultrafast current pulses let scientists push superconductors beyond their usual experimental limits before vortices and heat could interfere.

The method revealed striking differences in how two superconducting materials break down and could expose quantum behavior that conventional measurements miss.

Superconductivity is one of the most remarkable behaviors found in quantum materials. When some materials are cooled below a specific transition temperature, their electrical resistance disappears, allowing current to move through them without losing energy as heat.

Scientists Simulated Moons Being Blown Apart — and Found Something Unexpected

A study suggests that icy moons can still harbor oceans after catastrophic collisions, a finding that could help guide the search for life beyond Earth.

Many moons orbiting Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune are thought to conceal liquid water beneath miles of icy shell. These buried oceans hold a basic ingredient for life as we know it, making them promising places to search for extraterrestrial organisms in a region shaped by violent collisions.

Scientists suspect some of today’s moons are reassembled remnants that were repeatedly shattered by space debris and pulled back together. This cosmic demolition derby raises a critical question for astrobiologists: Do massive collisions destroy a moon’s ocean and extinguish any chance for life?

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