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SPACE4 Ukraine

There are a lot of great charities out there, including space. This is something different.

Imagine; Supporting space education. Giving children in the depths of a war hope and Permission to Dream. Laying the groundwork for an emerging democratic Space Nation by inspiring its children. In other words, doing something that might help the arc of history swing upwards — to the Stars!

In 2017, I traveled across Ukraine on a speaking tour. Even though the country was already at war, what I found wasn’t fear or despair — it was optimism. A fierce, almost defiant belief in the future and democratic values. I met hundreds of young Ukrainians, from teenagers gathered in tech cafés to little kids proudly showing me crayon drawings of the space stations and rockets they dreamed of building someday.

I think about those kids a lot now. I wonder how many of them are gone, how many never had the chance to grow into the engineers, artists, scientists, and explorers they were meant to be. It breaks my heart — and it also drives me to help the ones who are still here, still dreaming, still holding on to hope.

That’s why I launched SPACE4 Ukraine with my partner, Yuliya Kurokhtina — one of Ukraine’s leading business voices and a relentless philanthropist. Together, our mission is simple: give Ukrainian children direction, inspiration, and a reason to believe in their future. The same Permission to Dream that carried me through my own storms.

Most people don’t realize it, but Ukraine has a deep and remarkable space legacy. They helped build Sputnik. They designed the Zenit rockets. They powered Sea Launch. Their engineers remain among the best in the world. This legacy matters — not just historically, but as a beacon for their children: your future can be bigger than your present.

SPACE4 Ukraine is designed to be clear, direct, and transparent.

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Digital twins for in vivo metabolic flux estimations in patients with brain cancer

Quantifying metabolic activity in patient tumors could advance personalized cancer targeting. Meghdadi et al. develop a digital twin framework using machine learning to quantify metabolic fluxes in tissues from patients with glioma, identifying which patients may benefit from different targeted metabolic therapies like specialized diets or pharmacologic agents.

Beyond the Buzz: Tumor Treating Fields for Cancer

Tumor-treating fields (TTFields) are gaining traction as evidence expands beyond early enthusiasm, Medscape reports. Once considered experimental, TTFields are now supported by multiple randomized trials and are being tested across a growing list of solid tumors, positioning the therapy as a potential addition to standard cancer care in selected patients.

Here’s a look at how it works, the body of evidence, and the limitations.

Tumor treating fields use low intensity, alternating electric fields to disrupt cancer cell division.

The electric fields are generated by a wearable device — Optune Gio for glioblastoma and Optune Lua for pleural mesothelioma and NSCLC — developed and marketed by Switzerland-based oncology company Novocure.

AI With Integrity: Leading Innovation Responsibly

• Ensuring ethical leadership at all levels.

Ethical considerations must be integrated into every phase of AI development—not added as an afterthought.

As AI transforms business, responsible leadership will unlock new possibilities. Responsible AI is not just about compliance—it is a strategic advantage that builds trust and drives sustainable growth in an era where technology should benefit every part of society. In domains such as supply chain management, local decisions can have global consequences. Ethical AI enables progress that stays true to shared values across all points of influence. Fair, transparent and accountable by design—this is how institutions can trust innovation to build smarter systems and a better world.

Study probes ‘covert consciousness’

Ricardo Iriart last saw his wife conscious four years ago. Every day since, he has visited Ángeles, often spending hours talking to her in hopes that she could hear him.

Over the last year, he’s gotten a new understanding of his wife’s condition, participating in cutting-edge research into “covert consciousness.” It’s an emerging field of study that probes what patients with disorders of consciousness can comprehend, even when they can’t respond.

Earlier this year, the University of Pittsburgh became the first research institution in the U.S. to use an Austrian device called the mindBeagle in a clinical trial of covert consciousness.

Rebalancing viral and immune damage versus repair prevents death from lethal influenza infection

Recovery from deadly influenza infection may hinge on helping the lungs heal in addition to stopping the virus, according to a new Science study in mice.

The results show that pairing modest antiviral therapies with immune modulation can restore damaged tissues and lung function, even after severe infection has taken hold.

Maintaining tissue function while eliminating infected cells is fundamental, and inflammatory damage plays a major contribution to lethality after lung infection. We tested 50 immunomodulatory regimes to determine their ability to protect mice from lethal infection. Only neutrophil depletion soon after infection prevented death from influenza. This result suggests that the infected host passed an early tipping point after which limiting innate damage alone could not rescue lung function. We investigated treatments that could have efficacy when administered later in infection. We found that partial limitation of viral spread together with enhancement of epithelial repair, by interferon blockade or limiting CD8+ T cell–mediated killing of epithelial cells, reduced lethality.

Tooth–bone attachment tissue is produced by cells with a mixture of odontoblastic and osteoblastic features in reptiles

Several types of tooth–bone attachment have evolved in different branches of amniotes. The most studied type of tooth anchorage is thecodont implantation, characterized by a nonmineralized periodontal ligament linking the tooth to the jawbone inside a deep alveolus (Bertin et al., 2018 ; Diekwisch, 2001). This attachment, called gomphosis, is present in mammals and crocodilians and provides robust resistance to mechanical stress during food processing (McIntosh et al., 2002).

By contrast, the teeth of recent lepidosaurian reptiles are firmly attached to the jaw bones, although the morphology of this type of attachment varies across species (Gaengler, 2000). In most lizards and snakes, teeth are ankylosed to the inner side of the high labial wall of the jawbone (pleurodont attachment). However, in some species (e.g., agamas, chameleons), the teeth are completely fused to the crest of the tooth-bearing bone (acrodont teeth) (Edmund, 1960). Such cases, where the teeth are firmly fused to the tooth-bearing element by mineralized tissue, are called ankylosis (for nomenclature, see a recent review by Bertin et al., 2018). Although ankylosis is widespread in nature, in mammals, a fusion of the tooth to the bone by hard tissue is considered a pathological condition (Palone et al., 2020 ; Tong et al., 2020).

Diverse developmental mechanisms have been proposed to explain the evolutionary origin and elaboration of ankylosis. The first developmental step of ankylosis is described as a soft ligament mineralization (LeBlanc et al., 2016 ; Liu et al., 2016). The periodontal ligaments in ancestral mammals have been predicted to display a high osteogenic potential, with an inclination to become calcified, thus resulting in dental ankylosis (LeBlanc et al., 2016). The mineralized ligamentous tissue has been preserved in fossilized mosasaurs, and it is also evident in several fish species and modern snakes (LeBlanc, Lamoureux, & Caldwell, 2017 ; Luan et al., 2009 ; Peyer, 1968). In the second type, ankylosis has been described as developing without ligament formation, with the tooth base firmly attached directly to the top of the tooth-bearing bony pedicles with no sign of previous ligament production (Buchtová et al., 2013 ; Luan et al., 2009).

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