The challenge of controlling AI will unleash a tsunami of skilled jobs, seeking people with both expertise and a love of humanity.
face_with_colon_three immortal tissue found in sea cucumbers.
Scientists have stumbled upon what they’ve dubbed real-life “zombies.”
These seemingly immortal things—amputated tissue from the sea cucumber species Psolus fabricii— appear to exist in a gray zone of life. The discovery, described in a study published on May 27 in the journal Science Advances, could be useful for future research but also raises philosophical questions about what it means to be alive.
Sea cucumbers are an ancient type of spineless creature that sit on the ocean floor. They’re known for their remarkable regenerative powers; some species can be split in half, after which the separated sides will regrow their missing parts.
Green nanotechnology applied to neuroscience offers innovative solutions for the treatment of central nervous system disorders. This study reports on the biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using extracts from the psilocybin-producing mushroom Psilocybe cubensis and the evaluation of their neurostimulatory potential. The AuNPs were synthesized via the biological reduction of HAuCl₄ and characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, TEM, DLS, and FTIR. The physicochemical results confirmed the production of monodisperse spheroidal nanoparticles with an average diameter of 18.94 nm and high colloidal stability (zeta potential: −31.0 mV). FTIR analysis suggested that fungal metabolites constitute the stabilizing organic corona of the nanomaterial. Bioactivity was evaluated in the Neuro2a (N2a) neuronal model using the IncuCyte® real-time monitoring platform and 3D holotomographic microscopy. A dose-dependent hormetic response was identified: concentrations between 22.91 and 183.25 µg/mL induced a significant increase in cell proliferation and viability without morphological compromise, while doses ≥ 733.0 µg/mL resulted in acute cytotoxicity. 3D holotomography confirmed that the biostimulatory treatment (91.63 µg/mL) promotes a phenotype with active cytoplasmic extensions, consistent with early stages of neurite outgrowth. In conclusion, P. cubensis AuNPs constitute a promising nanotherapeutic system with neuroprotective and pro-proliferative capabilities, laying the groundwork for future applications in regenerative medicine and neurorehabilitation.
Gold nanoparticles, Green synthesis, Holotomography, Neuroregeneration, Psilocybe cubensis.
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But creating a long-lasting electronic connection with the brain is complicated. Conventional microwire and silicon electrodes are much stiffer than soft brain tissue. Differences in mechanical properties can cause micromotion-related tissue damage, inflammation and glial scar formation. For this reason, researchers are moving from rigid electrodes toward flexible, biomimetic biohybrid interfaces. These newer approaches aspire to reduce the mechanical and biological mismatch between implanted devices and neural tissue while maintaining the ability to record and stimulate neural activity.
One of the most direct applications of ICMS is the creation of artificial sensory experiences. When electrodes stimulate the primary somatosensory cortex, people can perceive localized sensations such as touch or tingling. More recent approaches use multiple electrodes and carefully designed spatiotemporal stimulation patterns to provide richer information, including tactile edges, curvature and apparent motion. Human studies have shown that such patterned stimulation can improve the controllability and structure of artificial touch, although it still does not fully reproduce the complexity of natural tactile signals.
ICMS can also be used in the visual cortex. Stimulation of the primary visual cortex can produce phosphenes — perceived spots or lines of light — and carefully coordinated stimulation across multiple electrodes can create recognizable shapes and letters. Experiments in blind participants have demonstrated simple two-dimensional visual patterns and object-localization tasks.