The open-label extension of the OPERA I and II randomized clinical trials assesses 10-year safety and efficacy of ocrelizumab in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis.
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Black hole jets reach far beyond galaxies’ visible edges, potentially deciding their fate
Galaxies are enormous and hold hundreds of billions of stars. These stars form from cold, dense gas. Every large galaxy, including the Milky Way, is wrapped in a huge envelope of gas called the circumgalactic medium, or CGM. This reservoir of raw material stretches 10–20 times the size of the visible portion of the galaxy.
The gas eventually cools, moves inward and clumps together to form stars. Thus, the CGM plays a key role in shaping stars, planets and even life within a galaxy.
But astronomers have long puzzled over why, given how much star-forming gas surrounds them, galaxies don’t have even more stars. What is keeping the fuel from cooling down and forming those stars?
Quality of Life, on Earth and Beyond: Space Renaissance International 4th World Congress 2026 Congress Theses, Final Resolution and Papers: Autino, Mr. Adriano V.: 9798177242019: Amazon.com: Books
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Using Claude Science to produce the first complete map of the sky in UV light
Anthropic released a study demonstrating how autonomous AI agents using Claude generated the first complete, seamless map of the entire sky in ultraviolet (UV) light.
While complete all-sky maps have long existed in visible, infrared, radio, and X-ray spectrums, UV astronomy faced a major bottleneck: Earth’s atmosphere absorbs ultraviolet light, requiring space telescopes like NASA’s GALEX and Swift. Because those missions only surveyed targeted regions, roughly one-third of the celestial sky had never been observed in UV, leaving the existing data fragmented with blank spots and calibration artifacts.
How Claude Created the Map.
Rather than simply generating an image, Claude acted as an orchestrator across a complex scientific data pipeline:
1. Data Ingestion & Cleaning: Claude ingested decades of public observation data from space missions—including NASA GALEX, Swift-UVOT, SPEAR/FIMS, and star catalogs from ESA’s Gaia mission.
2. Artifact Correction: The system diagnosed and fixed systematic errors across 38,000 individual telescope observations—such as stray atmospheric glow and bright star contamination—which human teams hadn’t standardized due to sheer volume.
3. Statistical Inpainting: To fill the unobserved third of the sky, Claude used multi-wavelength templates (combining dust maps and stellar catalogs) to predict the missing UV emission. When cross-referenced against ground-truth test regions, its predictions were accurate to within 10%.
Patient-derived tissue cultures complement neurospheres for preclinical evaluation of AAV-mediated gene delivery in glioblastoma
Glioblastoma (GBM) is characterized by extensive intratumoral heterogeneity and a complex tumor microenvironment that complicate the preclinical evaluation of gene therapy vectors. We investigated how culture model, epidermal growth factor (EGF) supplementation, and adeno-associated virus (AAV) serotype influence vector-mediated gene delivery in patient-derived GBM models. Patient-derived neurospheres (PDNS) and patient-derived tissue slice cultures (PDTC) were transduced with AAV2 or AAV6 vectors encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP). Transduction was evaluated by live confocal imaging, quantitative PCR, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence under EGF-containing and EGF-free culture conditions. In PDNS, AAV6 produced significantly greater GFP expression than AAV2 and demonstrated a dose-dependent increase in transduction at both 2 and 5 days after vector exposure. EGF supplementation altered transduction patterns and was associated with changes in PDNS growth and marker-defined stem-like cell populations. In contrast, PDTC preserved tissue architecture and stromal, vascular, and immune-associated compartments while revealing substantial interpatient variability in AAV-mediated transduction. AAV-mediated gene delivery in GBM is influenced by culture model, growth factor conditions, and capsid serotype. Patient-derived tissue slice cultures complement neurosphere models by preserving features of the native tumor microenvironment and may improve the preclinical evaluation of gene therapy vectors for GBM.
Heat-storing gel could cut buildings’ energy consumption
Heating and cooling buildings account for a large portion of global energy use. A research team in the Texas A&M University Department of Materials Science and Engineering was featured on the cover of ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces for a study that aims to reduce that energy consumption.
The June 10 issue’s cover art was designed around a class of materials that the research team is calling “salogels.” Salogels are gel-like hybrid materials that pair polymer structures with inorganic salt hydrates to store and release heat.
Salt hydrates already store a large amount of thermal energy and have a high resistance to burning. This is why they work so well at storing heat during the day and releasing it at night. The main problem is that, on their own, they can leak and break down with repeated use. Introducing a polymer network or structure into them can resolve many of these concerns without sacrificing storage capacity.
Veteran Game World Designer Explains Why Bigger Worlds Aren’t Better
Veteran World Designer Nathan Cheever explains how traversal speed, encounter density, reusable spaces, and production resources determine how large a game world should actually be.
Unity Spark Puts Artist-Made Assets Inside an AI-Assisted Game Editor
Unity Spark combines AI-assisted game creation with artist-made Asset Store content, but Unity CEO Matt Bromberg stresses that creators must still design, iterate, polish, and finish their experiences.