Type 5 diabetes has just been recognised as a distinct form of diabetes by the International Diabetes Federation. Despite the name, there are more than a dozen different types of diabetes. The classification isn’t quite as tidy as the numbering suggests.
Here’s a clear guide to the different types, including some that you may not have heard of, along with information about what causes them and how they are treated.
Type 1 diabetes is caused by the body’s immune system mistakenly attacking the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. This autoimmune reaction can occur at any age, from infancy through to old age.
Neuroscientists at the Sainsbury Wellcome Center (SWC) at UCL have discovered that the brain uses a dual system for learning through trial and error. This is the first time a second learning system has been identified, which could help explain how habits are formed and provide a scientific basis for new strategies to address conditions related to habitual learning, such as addictions and compulsions.
Published in Nature, the study in mice could also have implications for developing therapeutics for Parkinson’s. The study is titled “Dopaminergic action prediction errors serve as a value-free teaching signal.”
“Essentially, we have found a mechanism that we think is responsible for habits. Once you have developed a preference for a certain action, then you can bypass your value-based system and just rely on your default policy of what you’ve done in the past. This might then allow you to free up cognitive resources to make value-based decisions about something else,” explained Dr. Marcus Stephenson-Jones, Group Leader at SWC and lead author of the study.
We know that all the other forces governed by quantum mechanics are transmitted by indivisible particles: photons for the electromagnetic force, which governs light and the basic chemistry of matter; gluons for the strong force, which sticks together protons and neutrons inside atoms; and W and Z bosons for the weak force, which enables certain particles to radioactively decay. If gravity has the same underlying theory as these forces, it should also be carried by its own particle: a graviton. Now researchers, including Claudia Du Rham at Imperial in London, are in the hunt for these mysterious and vanishingly weak particles. – Learn more ➤ https://www.newscientist.com/article/.… ➤ https://bit.ly/NSYTSUBS Get more from New Scientist: Official website: https://bit.ly/NSYTHP Facebook: https://bit.ly/NSYTFB Twitter: https://bit.ly/NSYTTW Instagram: https://bit.ly/NSYTINSTA LinkedIn: https://bit.ly/NSYTLIN About New Scientist: New Scientist was founded in 1956 for “all those interested in scientific discovery and its social consequences”. Today our website, videos, newsletters, app, podcast and print magazine cover the world’s most important, exciting and entertaining science news as well as asking the big-picture questions about life, the universe, and what it means to be human. New Scientist https://www.newscientist.com/
About New Scientist: New Scientist was founded in 1956 for “all those interested in scientific discovery and its social consequences”. Today our website, videos, newsletters, app, podcast and print magazine cover the world’s most important, exciting and entertaining science news as well as asking the big-picture questions about life, the universe, and what it means to be human.
Check out my course about quantum mechanics on Brilliant! First 30 days are free and 20% off the annual premium subscription when you use our link ➜ https://brilliant.org/sabine.
Correction to the screen text at 05:04: It’s in the range of microgram. What I say is correct, the text isn’t. Sorry about that.
This video comes with a quiz which you can take here: https://quizwithit.com/start_thequiz/.… are one of the most sought-after particles in physics. They could help physicists combine quantum physics with gravity to create a theory of “quantum gravity.” We thought until recently they were for all practical purposes impossible to detect, but now scientists are coming up with some ideas for how graviton-detecting experiments could work for real. Let’s take a look. 🤓 Check out my new quiz app ➜ http://quizwithit.com/ 💌 Support me on Donorbox ➜ https://donorbox.org/swtg 📝 Transcripts and written news on Substack ➜ https://sciencewtg.substack.com/ 👉 Transcript with links to references on Patreon ➜ / sabine 📩 Free weekly science newsletter ➜ https://sabinehossenfelder.com/newsle… 👂 Audio only podcast ➜ https://open.spotify.com/show/0MkNfXl… 🔗 Join this channel to get access to perks ➜ / @sabinehossenfelder 🖼️ On instagram ➜ / sciencewtg #science #sciencenews #physics #gravity.
Gravitons are one of the most sought-after particles in physics. They could help physicists combine quantum physics with gravity to create a theory of \.
Scientists have transformed light into a supersolid for the first time, unlocking new possibilities in quantum physics, computing, and futuristic technologies
It has always been interesting and exciting to study quantum physics. One of the most amazing things about it was the idea of quantum transportation, which seemed like something from science fiction. But recent progress has turned this idea from an academic thought into a real-world application, marking a fundamental change in how we think about and communicate.
He told Newsweek that the unexpected result “upsets the usual interpretation of the nature of the CMB. It essentially means that we do not have solid evidence for a hot big bang. Taking the observed CMB and subtracting this foreground leaves too little for the hot big bang to be real.”
(The “hot big bang” refers to how the universe started in a hot, dense, state and has been cooling and expanding ever since.)
Kroupa added: “This shocking result means that we now need to revisit the very foundations of everything we know about cosmology, gravitation and the evolution of the Universe and how galaxies came to be.”
TAE’s “Norm” development, for instance, may “[chart] a path for streamlined devices that directly addresses the commercially critical metrics of cost, efficiency, and reliability,” theorized Michl Binderbauer, CEO of TAE Technologies.
“This milestone significantly accelerates TAE’s path to commercial hydrogen-boron fusion that will deliver a safe, clean, and virtually limitless energy source for generations to come,” Binderbauer added.
“Norm” is set to precede TAE’s next reactor prototype, “Copernicus,” which TAE engineers anticipate will demonstrate fusion as a viable energy source before 2030.
James Kinross, an expert in the gut microbiome, believes changes in our digestive health could help explain rising colon cancer cases among the under-50s.
