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Investigating the rise of early-onset cancer | Four Corners Documentary

Australians in their 30s and 40s are facing an alarming surge in cancer diagnoses and researchers are scrambling to understand why.

From bowel and breast to liver and kidney, aggressive cancers are hitting younger people; they’re often detected late, with devastating outcomes.

Dr Norman Swan investigates what’s behind the change.

Could it be ultra-processed foods, stress, or exposures dating back to childhood, even pregnancy?

He meets those grappling with a diagnosis and searching for answers.

Generation Cancer asks what can be done to curb the rise, and are we ready?

Continue reading “Investigating the rise of early-onset cancer | Four Corners Documentary” | >

A new tool is revealing the invisible networks inside cancer

Spanish researchers have created a powerful new open-source tool that helps uncover the hidden genetic networks driving cancer. Called RNACOREX, the software can analyze thousands of molecular interactions at once, revealing how genes communicate inside tumors and how those signals relate to patient survival. Tested across 13 different cancer types using international data, the tool matches the predictive power of advanced AI systems—while offering something rare in modern analytics: clear, interpretable explanations that help scientists understand why tumors behave the way they do.

A third path to explain consciousness: Biological computationalism

Right now, the debate about consciousness often feels frozen between two entrenched positions. On one side sits computational functionalism, which treats cognition as something you can fully explain in terms of abstract information processing: get the right functional organization (regardless of the material it runs on) and you get consciousness.

On the other hand is biological naturalism, which insists that consciousness is inseparable from the distinctive properties of living brains and bodies: biology isn’t just a vehicle for cognition, it is part of what cognition is. Each camp captures something important, but the stalemate suggests that something is missing from the picture.

In our new paper, we argue for a third path: biological computationalism. The idea is deliberately provocative but, we think, clarifying. Our core claim is that the traditional computational paradigm is broken or at least badly mismatched to how real brains operate.

Optogenetic Cancer Therapy Using the Light-Driven Outward Proton Pump Rhodopsin Archaerhodopsin-3 (AR3)Click to copy article linkArticle link copied!

Medicines used for cancer treatment often cause serious side effects by damaging normal cells due to nonspecific diffusion. To address this issue, we previously developed an optical method to induce apoptotic cell death via intracellular pH alkalinization using the outward proton pump rhodopsin, Archaerhodopsin-3 (AR3) in various noncancer model cells in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we applied this method to cancer cells and tumors to evaluate its potential as an anticancer therapeutic strategy. First, we confirmed that AR3-expressing murine cancer cell lines (MC38, B16F10) showed apoptotic cell death upon green light irradiation, as indicated by increased levels of cell death and apoptosis-related markers. Next, we established stable AR3-expressing MC38 and B16F10 cells by using viral vectors. When these AR3-expressing cells were subcutaneously transplanted into C57BL/6 mice, the resulting tumors initially grew at a rate comparable to that of control tumors lacking AR3 expression or light stimulation. However, upon green light irradiation, AR3-expressing tumors exhibited either a marked reduction in size or significantly suppressed growth, accompanied by the induction of apoptosis signals and decreased proliferation signals. These results demonstrate that AR3-mediated cell death has potent antitumor effects both in vitro and in vivo. This optical method thus holds promise as a novel cancer therapy with potentially reduced side effects.

Lung metastasis and recurrence is mitigated by CAR macrophages, in-situ-generated from mRNA delivered by small extracellular vesicles

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) macrophages may represent a promising anti-cancer immune therapy strategy due to their favourable biological properties but in vitro manipulation and targeting to specific organs could be challenging. Here authors use inhalable small extracellular vesicles to deliver the CAR mRNA construct to macrophages in the lung and show that the thus in situ generated CAR macrophages successfully combat lung metastasis and cancer recurrence in a mouse model.

Key driver of treatment-resistant cancer uncovered!

Superficial vein thrombosis is a condition in which blood clots develop within the superficial veins (close to the skin surface), typically in the legs or arms.

Common risk factors for superficial vein thrombosis are varicose veins, pregnancy and up to 12 weeks postpartum, recent trauma, surgery or immobility, and cancer.

This JAMA Patient Page describes superficial vein thrombosis and its risk factors, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatments.

A genome-based phylogeny for Mollusca is concordant with fossils and morphology

Extreme morphological disparity within Mollusca has long confounded efforts to reconstruct a stable backbone phylogeny for the phylum. Familiar molluscan groups—gastropods, bivalves, and cephalopods—each represent a diverse radiation with myriad morphological, ecological, and behavioral adaptations. The phylum further encompasses many more unfamiliar experiments in animal body-plan evolution. In this work, we reconstructed the phylogeny for living Mollusca on the basis of metazoan BUSCO (Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs) genes extracted from 77 (13 new) genomes, including multiple members of all eight classes with two high-quality genome assemblies for monoplacophorans. Our analyses confirm a phylogeny proposed from morphology and show widespread genomic variation.

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