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Stratospheric observatory Sunrise-III reveals intricate solar magnetic structures

A team of researchers led by the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan discovered unexpectedly intricate magnetic structures above quiet-sun regions by observing the sun with the balloon-borne solar observatory Sunrise-III during its 2024 flight in Earth’s stratosphere. The work is published in The Astrophysical Journal Letters.

Threads within the magnetic canopy Sunrise-III observations revealed thin, elongated, thread-like magnetic structures embedded within the magnetic canopy above a quiet-sun region. The magnetic canopy forms in the solar atmosphere (chromosphere) as magnetic fields concentrated at the solar surface (photosphere) arc outward with increasing altitude, creating an arch of magnetic structures.

The new observations show that this canopy is not a simple, uniformly expanding structure but instead contains numerous thin, elongated magnetic substructures.

Smoking Cessation Among Underserved Patients Referred for Lung Cancer Screening: A Randomized Clinical Trial

4-group randomized trial was conducted at 5 US medical centers: Geisinger Health System, Henry Ford Health, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, the University of Pennsylvania Health System (Penn Medicine), and Lancaster General Health, which is affiliated with Penn Medicine but was considered separately for this trial because it used a distinct electronic health record.

During the study’s design phase, the stakeholder advisory committee recommended key strategies to promote cultural relevance of the interventions, maximize engagement of participants, and prevent attrition once enrolled. The 11-member stakeholder advisory committee included individual patients and representatives from patient and health equity advocacy groups, community and government public health services, clinical program leads, and health system and insurance leaders. Additional details on stakeholder advisory committee activities and contributions to the study design have been previously published.43,44

Aligned with the trial’s pragmatic orientation, participants were offered registration via an online study platform (Way to Health).43 Registered patients meeting eligibility criteria via a sociodemographic survey could opt out from participating after reviewing a brief written description and, if desired, a more detailed document. Those who did not opt out underwent randomization. Following 10 months of enrollment, we identified a technologic limitation that prevented true opt-out enrollment because participants were still required to click “continue” to be randomized. Thus, on March 17, 2022, we began sending “last chance” email and text messages to patients who had neither opted out nor clicked “continue,” indicating they would be enrolled in 3 days unless they opted out.

There’s No Lab Test for Depression—But a Landmark Study Aims To Change This

A landmark, multi-year observational study will profile thousands of individuals with depression, bringing together genomics, neuroimaging, clinical assessments, and patient-reported outcomes to identify biomarkers that can guide drug development and personalize depression care.

Why has psychiatry lacked major therapeutic advances?

The first antidepressants were discovered by accident, when clinicians noticed that a tuberculosis drug, iproniazid, lifted the mood of patients.

Millions of adults have this common condition. It’s linked to cognitive decline

A group of international scientists have found that people with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) could be at higher risk of developing cognitive impairment—one of the signs of dementia.

They also found that those with ADHD who developed cognitive impairment experienced worse health outcomes as a result of the disease as well.

The findings build on previous studies discovering an association between adult ADHD and a higher risk of developing dementia, and experts say this highlights the need for more research to understand the connection, as well as greater and more targeted monitoring and care for those with ADHD as they get older.

Two Alzheimer’s Drugs Are Now Being Tested to Prevent Dementia Before It Starts

Two drugs sit at the center of the current prevention push. Lecanemab, sold under the brand name Leqembi, received full FDA approval in July 2023 as the first therapy proven to slow cognitive decline by clearing amyloid from the brain. The drug is made by the pharmaceutical companies Eisai and Biogen, and its Phase 3 data came from the Clarity AD trial, published in The New England Journal of Medicine. In patients with early Alzheimer’s, lecanemab reduced brain amyloid levels and slowed cognitive decline by 27% over an 18-month period. The AHEAD 3–45 trial is now taking that same drug into a preclinical population – people with no symptoms at all.

The second drug, donanemab (brand name Kisunla), came next. Manufactured by Eli Lilly, it targets amyloid beta administered intravenously and received FDA approval in July 2024. Its Phase 3 clinical trial data, published in JAMA, was striking. Cognitive and functional decline slowed on all outcome measures: 35% on the iADRS scale, 37% on the CDR-SB, 32% on the ADAS-Cog13, and 40% on ADCS-iADL measures – all statistically significant results. Looking at the data another way, 47% of people on donanemab stayed stable on the CDR-SB over one year, compared with 29% on placebo.

Both approvals share an important boundary. Both lecanemab and donanemab are currently approved for early symptomatic Alzheimer’s disease – specifically, patients with mild cognitive impairment or mild dementia with confirmed amyloid pathology. The prevention trials now underway aim to move that window back considerably, to people who haven’t yet developed any symptoms at all.

Mounting Evidence Shows a Common Plastic Chemical Can Affect Human Ovaries

A class of chemicals called phthalates is widespread in our lives, and there are growing concerns about what impact they’re having on our reproductive health.

The most common phthalate – DEHP (di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate) – is usually added to materials to make them more flexible. It’s used in PVC pipes, cling wrap, shower curtains, medical tubing, eyelash glue, and many other everyday items.

It can easily get into our bodies, particularly if it’s in our food or water, since it’s readily absorbed through the lining of the intestines. When DEHP enters the human body, our enzymes convert it to MEHP (mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate).

Scientists discover a human brain gene that can jump through DNA

“Genes that come from transposable elements and that are repurposed for cellular functions are typically no longer transposable,” said Cedric Feschotte, a senior author of the study. “BC200 was itself created from a mobile element but has retained its mobility and yet it is also clearly serving a cellular function. Somehow evolution hasn’t been able to untangle these two things.”

A Rare Genetic Jump Into a Virus

Scientists have documented a handful of cases in other species in which transposable elements moved into viruses. One early example came in the late 1980s, when researchers working with cultured moth cells observed a transposon moving from those cells into a baculovirus, a type of virus that infects insects.

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