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Category: sustainability – Page 2

Researchers have developed two unique energy-efficient and cost-effective systems that use urea found in urine and wastewater to generate hydrogen.

The unique systems reveal pathways to economically generate “green” hydrogen, a sustainable and renewable energy source, and the potential to remediate nitrogenous waste in aquatic environments.

Typically, we generate hydrogen through the electrolysis of water where water is split into oxygen and hydrogen. It is a promising technology to help solve the global energy crisis, but the process is energy intensive, which renders it cost-prohibitive when compared to extracting hydrogen from fossil fuels (gray hydrogen), itself an undesirable process because of the it generates.

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A research team has developed a high-performance supercapacitor that is expected to become the next generation of energy storage devices. With details published in the journal Composites Part B: Engineering, the technology developed by the researchers overcomes the limitations of existing supercapacitors by utilizing an innovative fiber structure composed of single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and the conductive polymer polyaniline (PANI).

Compared to conventional batteries, supercapacitors offer faster charging and higher power density, with less degradation over tens of thousands of charge and discharge cycles. However, their relatively low energy density limits their use over long periods of time, which has limited their use in practical applications such as and drones.

Researchers led by Dr. Bon-Cheol Ku and Dr. Seo Gyun Kim of the Carbon Composite Materials Research Center at the Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) and Professor Yuanzhe Piao of Seoul National University (SNU), uniformly chemically bonded single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs), which are highly conductive, with polyaniline (PANI), which is processable and inexpensive, at the nanoscale.

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The marine bacterium Alcanivorax borkumensis feeds on oil, multiplying rapidly in the wake of oil spills, and thereby accelerating the elimination of pollution, in many cases. It does this by producing an “organic dishwashing liquid” which it uses to attach itself to oil droplets.

Researchers from the University of Bonn, RWTH Aachen University, Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf and research center Forschungszentrum Julich have now discovered the mechanism by which this organic liquid is synthesized.

Published in Nature Chemical Biology, the research findings could allow the breeding of more efficient strains of oil-degrading bacteria.

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The deconstruction of cellulose is essential for the conversion of biomass into fuels and chemicals. But cellulose, the most abundant renewable polymer on the planet, is extremely recalcitrant to biological depolymerization. Although composed entirely of glucose units, its crystalline microfibrillar structure and association with lignin and hemicelluloses in plant cell walls make it highly resistant to degradation.

As a result, its degradation in nature is slow and requires complex enzymatic systems. The deconstruction of cellulose, which could, among other things, significantly increase the production of ethanol from sugarcane, has been a major technological challenge for decades.

Researchers from the Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), in partnership with colleagues from other institutions in Brazil and abroad, have just obtained an enzyme that could revolutionize the process of deconstructing cellulose, allowing, among other technological applications, the large-scale production of so-called second-generation ethanol, derived from agro-industrial waste such as sugarcane bagasse and corn straw. The study was published in the journal Nature.

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Flexcompute’s Flow360, the most trusted GPU-native CFD solution for advanced aviation, accelerates the aerospace design process by optimizing evaluations, enhancing aerodatabase development, and reducing time-to-market while ensuring compliance with regulatory requirements. In collaboration with OEMs, companies like JetZero are using Flow360 to push the boundaries of efficiency and sustainability, advancing revolutionary designs such as blended-wing-body (BWB) aircraft, hydrogen-powered, and advanced propulsion models. This strategic partnership is crucial to transforming air travel and achieving global sustainability goals, accelerating the next era of aviation innovation.

In this webinar, hear from Qiqi Wang on the latest advancements in high-fidelity CFD, joined by John Vassberg, Chief Design Officer at JetZero, as they explore the cutting-edge technologies driving the future of aviation. They will discuss how GPU-powered CFD is enabling faster, more sustainable aircraft design and how strategic collaboration is key to realizing the industry’s ambitious goals.

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IN A NUTSHELL 🌞 Sunrun has created the largest virtual power plant in the U.S. by linking 75,000 home batteries. 🌿 The CalReady system provides 375 megawatts of backup power, energizing 280,000 homes, equivalent to all of Ventura County. 💡 This innovative approach helps reduce energy costs and carbon emissions by using 100% solar energy.

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Aluminum alloys are widely used in transportation applications because of their high strength-to-weight ratio, as well as their affordability. However, challenges arise when using them in extremely high-strength and high-temperature applications, particularly in components such as pistons of combustion engines, fan blades of jet engines, and vacuum pumps.

At elevated temperatures, few aluminum alloys can block dislocation movements effectively, which controls the strength. Moreover, few of the designs have considered costs and sustainability metrics in the design, which are essential for high-demand industries. Titanium alloys, such as Ti-64, that are often used in fan blades, are not only heavier and not machinable, but also nearly twice as expensive.

Additive manufacturing (AM) is rapidly evolving and providing new pathways for designing innovative alloys. A recent study by Carnegie Mellon University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) researchers has utilized and optimization techniques to identify a new aluminum alloy system that balances strength and cost.

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It’s spring, the birds are migrating and bird flu (H5N1) is rapidly evolving into the possibility of a human pandemic. Researchers from the University of Maryland School of Public Health have published a comprehensive review documenting research on bird flu in cats and calling for urgent surveillance of cats to help avoid human-to-human transmission.

The work is published in the journal Open Forum Infectious Diseases.

“The virus has evolved, and the way that it jumps between species—from birds to , and now between cows and cats, cats and humans—is very concerning. As summer approaches, we are anticipating cases on farms and in the wild to rise again,” says lead and senior author Dr. Kristen Coleman, assistant professor in UMD School of Public Health’s Department of Global, Environmental and Occupational Health and affiliate professor in UMD’s Department of Veterinary Medicine.

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Two recent studies published in Biological Conservation and Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, led by researchers from the Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB) and the Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, highlight the profound impacts of hydropower on biodiversity in river channels and at the land-water surface.

The studies demonstrate that these effects arise from impoundment upstream of the dams, disruptions to the natural flow, sediment, and thermal regimes in downstream channels and floodplains, altering habitat conditions and environmental cues vital for many species to complete their life cycles.

The authors provide an overview of measures aimed at mitigating these adverse effects. They underscore the importance of systematic planning, long-term monitoring, adaptive management, and decision-making involving multiple actors to ensure and call for a critical reassessment of hydropower’s status as an often claimed environmentally friendly energy source.

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