Lifeboat Foundation: Safeguarding Humanity
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Category: robotics/AI – Page 754

Supercomputer uses machine learning to set new speed record

Give people a barrier, and at some point they are bound to smash through. Chuck Yeager broke the sound barrier in 1947. Yuri Gagarin burst into orbit for the first manned spaceflight in 1961. The Human Genome Project finished cracking the genetic code in 2003. And we can add one more barrier to humanity’s trophy case: the exascale barrier.

The exascale barrier represents the challenge of achieving exascale-level computing, which has long been considered the benchmark for high performance. To reach that level, however, a computer needs to perform a quintillion calculations per second. You can think of a quintillion as a million trillion, a billion billion, or a million million millions. Whichever you choose, it’s an incomprehensibly large number of calculations.

On May 27, 2022, Frontier, a supercomputer built by the Department of Energy’s Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed the feat. It performed 1.1 quintillion calculations per second to become the fastest computer in the world.

The Jobs of Tomorrow: Insights on AI and the Future of Work

The nature of work is evolving at an unprecedented pace. The rise of generative AI has accelerated data analysis, expedited the production of software code and even simplified the creation of marketing copy.

Those benefits have not come without concerns over job displacement, ethics and accuracy.

At the 2024 Consumer Electronics Show (CES), IEEE experts from industry and academia participated in a panel discussion discussing how the new tech landscape is changing the professional world, and how universities are educating students to thrive in it.

Compact, shape-shifting robot by Transformers’ inventors lands on Moon

Japanese toy manufacturer Takara Tomy developed the lunar rover, SORA-Q, in association with JAXA, Sony Group, and Doshisha University.

Innovative offering

The creative minds at JAXA’s design department faced the challenge of developing a compact and lightweight lunar probe capable of accompanying the main lander to the moon. Simultaneously, they aimed for a design that would be straightforward and durable enough to operate effectively on the uneven lunar terrain. To find innovative solutions, they sought inspiration from an unexpected source: a company known for crafting toys.

The creation of SORA-Q drew upon insights in miniaturization and weight reduction derived from the firm’s expertise in toy manufacturing. Additionally, the firm claims it incorporated technologies associated with metamorphic mechanisms, exemplified by Transformers. The company hopes that SORA-Q will kindle children’s curiosity in the natural sciences, fostering an exhilarating exploration of the wonders of space.

BMW to deploy Figure’s humanoid robots challenging Tesla’s Optimus bot

BMW Manufacturing has announced a new partnership with Figure, a robotics startup that specializes in humanoid robots. The partnership will see Figure’s robots being deployed in BMW’s facility in Spartanburg, South Carolina, the largest automotive exporter in the US.

This is the first commercial deal that Figure has signed since it was founded in 2022. The company did not reveal how many robots BMW will be using but said that the partnership will begin with small quantities and scale up if the robots meet the performance expectations.

OpenDAC: The OpenDAC project is a collaborative research project between Fundamental AI Research (FAIR) at Meta and Georgia Tech

The OpenDAC project is a collaborative research project between Fundamental AI Research (FAIR) at Meta and Georgia Tech, aimed at significantly reducing the cost of Direct Air Capture (DAC).

Direct Air Capture (DAC) involves directly capturing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and has been widely recognized as a crucial tool in combating climate change. Despite its potential, the broad implementation of DAC has been impeded by high capture costs. Central to overcoming this hurdle is the discovery of novel sorbents — materials that pull carbon dioxide from the air. Discovering new sorbents holds the key to reducing capture costs and scaling DAC to meaningfully impact global carbon emissions.

The DAC space is growing rapidly with many companies entering the space. To engage the broader research community as well as the budding DAC industry, we have released the OpenDAC 2023 (ODAC23) dataset to train ML models. ODAC23 contains nearly 40M DFT calculations from 170K DFT relaxations involving Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs) with carbon dioxide and water adsorbates. We have also released baseline ML models trained on this dataset.

A simple technique to defend ChatGPT against jailbreak attacks

Large language models (LLMs), deep learning-based models trained to generate, summarize, translate and process written texts, have gained significant attention after the release of Open AI’s conversational platform ChatGPT. While ChatGPT and similar platforms are now widely used for a wide range of applications, they could be vulnerable to a specific type of cyberattack producing biased, unreliable or even offensive responses.

Researchers at Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Tsinghua University and Microsoft Research Asia recently carried out a study investigating the potential impact of these attacks and techniques that could protect models against them. Their paper, published in Nature Machine Intelligence, introduces a new psychology-inspired technique that could help to protect ChatGPT and similar LLM-based conversational platforms from cyberattacks.

“ChatGPT is a societally impactful artificial intelligence tool with millions of users and integration into products such as Bing,” Yueqi Xie, Jingwei Yi and their colleagues write in their paper. “However, the emergence of attacks notably threatens its responsible and secure use. Jailbreak attacks use adversarial prompts to bypass ChatGPT’s ethics safeguards and engender harmful responses.”

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