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DNA Circuits Come Alive: Scientists Build Molecular Robots Inside Living Cells

Since most cells naturally repel DNA, delivering these nanodevices into cells requires specialized techniques, such as transfection methods and transformation protocols. Once inside, cellular factors such as salt concentration, molecular crowding, and heterogeneous environments influence strand displacement reactions. To overcome the limitations of direct delivery, researchers are also developing transcribable RNA nanodevices encoded into plasmids or chromosomes, allowing cells to express these circuits.

Toward Smart DNA Machines and Biocomputers

DNA strand displacement has been applied to the innovation of computational models. By integrating computational principles with DNA strand displacement, the structured algorithms of traditional computing can be combined with random biochemical processes and chemical reactions in biological systems, enabling biocompatible models of computation. In the future, DNA strand displacement may enable autonomously acting DNA nanomachines to precisely manipulate biological processes, leading to quantum leaps in healthcare and life science research.

GPT 5 — The New AI Era is Here! Features EXPLAINED

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In this video I explore how Sam Altman’s hints about GPT-4.5 and GPT-5 are reshaping the AI landscape. You’ll discover the key differences between GPT-4.5 and GPT-5, learn why OpenAI’s next release could unify “fast” and “thoughtful” AI models, and find out how chain-of-thought reasoning could change everything from creative writing to complex problem-solving. I also discuss the biggest challenges OpenAI has faced during GPT-5’s development—from massive data requirements to persistent engineering snags—and why this model might feel closer to AGI than any chatbot yet.

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Chapters:
0:00 — Introduction.
0:24 — Timeline.
3:20 — Release date.
3:38 — Why the Wait?
5:01 — More problems.
7:25 — The Big & The Bigger.
8:41 — A solution.
9:38 — New Architecture.
11:32 — Deeply Multimodal Interaction.
12:34 — Built-in Operator & Scheduling Features.
13:23 — Personalization & Persistent Memory.
14:11 — Larger Context Windows.
14:56 — Visual Planning & Collaboration (Canvas)
16:13 — Will GPT-5 Feel Like AGI?
17:31 — Why GPT-5 Matters.
18:35 — It’s Almost Here

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