The two tetraquarks, T^a_cs0 (2900)⁺⁺ and T^a_cs0 (2900)⁰, are observed in joint analysis of the B⁰→ D⁰D_s⁺π^– and B⁺→D^– D_s⁺ π⁺ decays. The new tetraquarks are observed with masses around 2.9 GeV in both the D_s⁺π⁺ and D_s⁺π^– mass spectra. The former corresponds to the first observation of a doubly charged open-charm tetraquark with minimal quark content csud and the latter is a neutral tetraquark composed of csud quarks. The D_s⁺π⁺ and D_s⁺π^– mass spectra in the top images above indicate that the sum of contributions from conventional resonances (particles) cannot explain experimental distribution around the mass of 2.9 GeV. On the other hand, the experimental distributions are well understood when the contributions of the two new teraquarks are included in the analysis as shown in the two bottom images above. The mass and the width are determined to be 2.908±0.011±0.02 GeV and 0.136±0.023±0.011 GeV, respectively. The quantum numbers are determined to be J^P=0⁺. In the language of particle physics the two tetraquarks are isospin partners.

In the conventional quark model, strongly interacting particles known as hadrons are formed either from quark-antiquark pairs (mesons) or three quarks (baryons). Particles which cannot be classified within this scheme are referred to as exotic hadrons. In their fundamental 1964 papers [1] and [2], in which they proposed the quark model, Murray Gell-Mann and George Zweig mentioned the possibility of adding a quark-antiquark pair to a minimal meson or baryon quark configuration. It took 50 years, however, for physicists to obtain unambiguous experimental evidence of the existence of these exotic hadrons. In April 2014 the LHCb collaboration published measurements that demonstrated that the Z(4430)^– particle, first observed by the Belle collaboration, is composed of four quarks (ccdu).

A new study from the University of Cambridge reveals that electrons can simultaneously possess different energy levels.

Electrons, one of the most fundamental components of our universe, still hold a few secrets that puzzle modern scientists. Since the 1920s, physicists have worked to try and unravel the workings of these negatively charged particles, and how they behave in different situations. Now, research conducted at the University of Cambridge has shed new light on a pair of key factors–the spins and charges of electrons–revealing even more about their unique behavior.

Background: Spin and Charge

In the 1920s, scientists conducted several experiments that revealed electrons possess multiple spins. One of these, the Stern-Gerlach experiment, involved a beam of silver atoms directed at an uneven magnetic field. The magnetic field split the beam in two, revealing two different spins for the electron.