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Archive for the ‘materials’ category: Page 18

Jul 2, 2024

Study employs image-recognition AI to determine battery composition and conditions

Posted by in categories: materials, robotics/AI

An international collaborative research team has developed an image recognition technology that can accurately determine the elemental composition and the number of charge and discharge cycles of a battery by examining only its surface morphology using AI learning.

Professor Seungbum Hong from the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Department of Materials Science and Engineering, in collaboration with the Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI) and Drexel University in the United States, has developed a method to predict the major elemental composition and charge-discharge state of NCM cathode materials with 99.6% accuracy using (CNN).

The paper is published in the journal npj Computational Materials.

Jul 1, 2024

A new method to control quantum bound states in superconducting device

Posted by in categories: materials, quantum physics

Researchers have successfully controlled the quantum mechanical properties of Andreev bound states in bilayer graphene-based Josephson junctions using gate voltage. Their research is published in Physical Review Letters. The research team includes Professors Gil-Ho Lee and Gil Young Cho from the Department of Physics at Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) in South Korea in collaboration with Dr. Kenji Watanabe and Dr. Takashi Taniguchi from National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) in Japan.

Superconductors are materials that exhibit zero under specific conditions such as extremely low temperatures or high pressures. When a very thin normal is placed between two superconductors, a supercurrent flows through the normal conductor due to the proximity effect where superconductivity extends into the normal conductor. This device is known as a Josephson junction.

Within the normal conductor, new quantum states called Andreev bound states are formed, which are crucial for mediating the supercurrent flow.

Jul 1, 2024

When ultrashort electron bunch accelerates and drastically stops, it can generate terahertz radiation

Posted by in categories: materials, particle physics

The propagation of charged particles in a medium at a speed exceeding the phase speed of light in the medium (this speed also called superluminal) leads to the generation of radiation. The diagram of generated radiation during this process has a conical structure. This effect, called the Cherenkov effect, has many fundamental and applied applications, and its explanation was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1958.

The oblique incidence of light on the between two media is a similar phenomenon; in this case, a wave of secondary radiation sources is formed along the interface, which propagates at a exceeding the phase speed of light.

The and reflection of light from an interface is the result of the addition of the amplitudes of waves from all sources formed during light incidence. If one considers the interface with photo emissive material—the cathode, on which light is incident obliquely and causes of electron emission—then an electron density wave will form along the cathode surface at superluminal speed.

Jun 29, 2024

Graphene Nanolayers Reinvented: The Key to Advanced Electronics

Posted by in categories: materials, particle physics

Graphene, composed of layers of carbon atoms arranged in a honeycomb pattern, is recognized as a supermaterial due to its exceptional conductivity and mechanical advantages. These properties are key to advancing flexible electronics, innovative batteries, and composite materials for aerospace applications. Despite these benefits, creating elastic and durable films has been difficult. In a recent edition of Angewandte Chemie, researchers have proposed a solution by connecting graphene nanolayers through extendable bridging structures, potentially overcoming previous limitations.

The special capabilities of microscopic graphene nanolayers often drop off when the layers are assembled into foils, because they are only held together by relatively weak interactions—primarily hydrogen bonds. Approaches that attempt to improve the mechanical properties of graphene foils by introducing stronger interactions have only been partially successful, leaving particular room for improvement in the stretchability and toughness of the materials.

Jun 29, 2024

Discovery of natural few-layer graphene on the Moon

Posted by in categories: materials, space

Wei Zhang, Qing Liang, Xiujuan Li, Lai-Peng Ma, Xinyang Li, Zhenzhen Zhao, Rui Zhang, Hongtao Cao, Zizhun Wang, Wenwen Li, Yanni Wang, Meiqi Liu, Nailin Yue, Hongyan Liu, Zhenyu Hu, Li Liu, Qiang Zhou, Fangfei Li, Weitao Zheng, Wencai Ren, Meng Zou, Discovery of natural few-layer graphene on the Moon, National Science Review, 2024;„ https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwae211.

Jun 28, 2024

New method stores CO2 in cement, enhances strength, durability

Posted by in categories: materials, sustainability

Concrete innovation sequesters CO2:


Engineers developed a method to store CO2 in concrete using carbonated water, achieving 45% sequestration efficiency and enhancing strength.

Jun 28, 2024

A mechanism that realizes strong emergence

Posted by in categories: law, materials

PDF | The causal efficacy of a material system is usually thought to be produced by the law-like actions and interactions of its constituents. Here, a… | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate.

Jun 27, 2024

Researchers find magnetic excitations can be held together by repulsive interactions

Posted by in categories: materials, physics

A group of physicists specialized in solid-state physics from the University of Cologne and international collaborators have examined crystals made from the material BaCO2V2O8 in the Cologne laboratory.

They discovered that the magnetic elementary excitations in the crystal are held together not only by attraction, but also by repulsive interactions. However, this results in a lower stability, making the observation of such repulsively bound states all the more surprising.

The results of the study, “Experimental observation of repulsively bound magnons,” are published in Nature.

Jun 27, 2024

Self-Healing Fabric Could Be End to Torn Clothes

Posted by in category: materials

Year 2016 face_with_colon_three


Clothing tears could be a thing of the past if a new material capable of “healing” itself after being ripped proves to be commercially viable.

Researchers at Pennsylvania State University created a fabric-coating technology derived from squid ring teeth that allows conventional textiles to self-repair.

Continue reading “Self-Healing Fabric Could Be End to Torn Clothes” »

Jun 27, 2024

New study reveals comet airburst evidence from 12,800 years ago

Posted by in categories: materials, space

Researchers continue to expand the case for the Younger Dryas Impact hypothesis. The idea proposes that a fragmented comet smashed into the Earth’s atmosphere 12,800 years ago, causing a widespread climatic shift that, among other things, led to the abrupt reversal of the Earth’s warming trend and into an anomalous near-glacial period called the Younger Dryas.

Now, UC Santa Barbara emeritus professor James Kennett and colleagues report the presence of proxies associated with the cosmic airburst distributed over several separate sites in the eastern United States (New Jersey, Maryland and South Carolina), materials indicative of the force and temperature involved in such an event, including platinum, microspherules, meltglass and shock-fractured quartz. The study appears in the journal Airbursts and Cratering.

“What we’ve found is that the pressures and temperatures were not characteristic of major crater-forming impacts but were consistent with so-called ‘touchdown’ airbursts that don’t form much in the way of craters,” Kennett said.

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