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Category: health – Page 16

Suppressing tumor cell stemness might help colon cancer management

Colon cancer remains a major global health concern, ranking third among the most diagnosed cancers and the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. One critical factor that makes treating colon cancer challenging is the presence of cancer stem cells.

Though typically present in , these powerful cells drive tumor growth, resist standard treatments, and often contribute to relapse. They achieve this through their “stemness,” a set of properties that enable these cells to self-renew and differentiate into other cell types. Thus, understanding how stemness might be controlled at the is essential for developing effective therapies for colon cancer.

Over the past two decades, researchers have identified several key molecules involved in both the development of the colon and the progression of colon cancer. Among them are CDX1 and CDX2, two homeobox transcription factors that help establish and maintain the identity of intestinal epithelial cells.

New tool predicts cardiovascular disease risk more accurately

A new risk prediction tool developed by the American Heart Association (AHA) estimated cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in a diverse patient cohort more accurately than current models, according to a recent study published in Nature Medicine.

The tool, called the Predicting Risk of Cardiovascular Disease EVENTs (PREVENT) equations which was developed in 2023, could help health care providers more accurately identify patients who have higher CVD risk and enhance preventive care efforts, according to Sadiya Khan, the Magerstadt Professor of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and co-first author of the study.

“Evaluating the new PREVENT equations in a diverse sample of patients is critical to provide primary care providers and cardiologists with further assurance that they can utilize these equations to accurately predict patients’ CVD risk, particularly in vulnerable populations,” said Khan, who is also an associate professor of Medical Social Sciences in the Division of Determinants of Health and of Preventive Medicine in the Division of Epidemiology.

Genetically modified gut bacteria show promise for combating kidney stones in clinical trial

The human gut microbiome has been shown to impact health in a myriad of ways. The type and abundance of different bacteria can impact everything from the immune system to the nervous system. Now, researchers at Stanford University are taking advantage of the microbiome’s potential for fighting disease by genetically modifying certain bacteria to reduce a substance that causes kidney stones. If scientists are successful at modifying gut bacteria, this can lead to therapeutic treatments for a wide range of diseases.

However, the study, published in Science, shows that this is not a simple task. The researchers used the bacterium Phocaeicola vulgatus, which is already found in the microbiome of humans, and modified it to break down and also to consume porphyran, a nutrient derived from seaweed. The porphyran was used as a way to control the population of Phocaeicola vulgatus by either adding more porphyran or reducing the amount, which should kill off the bacteria due to a lack of food.

The study was made up of three parts: one testing the modified bacteria on rats, one trial with healthy humans and one trial on people with enteric hyperoxaluria (EH). EH is a condition in which the body absorbs too much oxalate from food, leading to and other kidney issues, if not treated.

Allergies linked to lower lung cancer risk, new study finds

Relevant data, including study design, geographic region, participant characteristics, and results, were extracted from the selected studies. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess the quality of studies and rate them as having low, moderate, or high quality.

The associations between allergic diseases and the risk of lung cancer were assessed using random and fixed effects models. Heterogeneity was evaluated using the I-squared statistic and chi-squared test. Sensitivity analyses indicated that no single study significantly influenced the overall effect size, supporting the robustness of the findings.

The search protocol yielded 226 studies. Following deduplication, title/abstract screening, and full-text reviews, 10 studies were selected for the meta-analysis. Of these, eight were case-control studies and two were cohort studies, cumulatively encompassing over 3.8 million participants.

Running injuries often strike suddenly, not gradually: Study challenges understanding of overuse injuries

A new study from Aarhus University turns our understanding of how running injuries occur upside down. The research project, which is the largest of its kind ever conducted, shows that running-related overuse injuries do not develop gradually over time, as previously assumed, but rather suddenly—often during a single training session. The research is published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine.

“Our study marks a paradigm shift in understanding the causes of running-related overuse injuries. We previously believed that injuries develop gradually over time, but it turns out that many injuries occur because runners make training errors in a single training session,” explains Associate Professor Rasmus Ø. Nielsen from the Department of Public Health at Aarhus University, who is the lead author of the study.

The study followed 5,205 runners from 87 countries over 18 months and shows that injury risk increases exponentially when runners increase their distance in a single training session compared to their longest run in the past 30 days. The longer the run becomes, the higher the injury risk.

Inhaled farm dust alters gut bacteria and weakens intestinal barrier in mice

Inhaling agricultural dust may pose significant risks to gut health for workers in animal agriculture, a University of California, Riverside, study has found.

Led by Declan McCole, a professor of biomedical sciences in the UCR School of Medicine, the study expands on prior findings that hog farm causes airway inflammation. The researchers now report in the Journal of Applied Toxicology that inhaling this dust also alters the gut microbiome and impairs intestinal function, including increased “” or intestinal permeability. Leaky gut is associated with a range of chronic diseases, including , celiac disease, and type 1 diabetes.

“Exposure to swine farm dust, which contains high levels of bacteria and endotoxins, caused both airway inflammation and increased passage of gut bacterial products into the bloodstream in our mouse models,” said Meli’sa Crawford, a former postdoctoral researcher in McCole’s lab and the paper’s first author. “But what’s especially striking is the impact we observed on the and metabolism.”

Stevia leaf extract has potential as anticancer treatment, researchers find

Stevia may provide more benefits than as a zero-calorie sugar substitute. When fermented with bacteria isolated from banana leaves, stevia extract kills off pancreatic cancer cells but doesn’t harm healthy kidney cells, according to a research team at Hiroshima University.

The researchers published their findings on April 28 in the International Journal of Molecular Sciences.

“Globally, the incidence and mortality rates of continue to rise, with a five-year survival rate of less than 10%,” said co-author Narandalai Danshiitsoodol, associate professor in Department of Probiotic Science for Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences.

​Tsinghua University holds Tsinghua AI Agent Hospital Inauguration and 2025 Tsinghua Medicine Townhall Meeting-Tsinghua University

On the morning of April 26, Tsinghua University held an inauguration ceremony for Tsinghua AI Agent Hospital and the 2025 Tsinghua Medicine Townhall Meeting at the Main Building Reception Hall. Tsinghua President Li Luming and Vice President Wang Hongwei attended the event.

President Li Luming reviewed the progress of Tsinghua University’s medical programs over the past year, emphasizing the University’s strong commitment to the development of medical disciplines. He highlighted Tsinghua’s strength in fundamental research in Artificial intelligence, which has already led to a series of high-level innovations at the intersection of AI and medicine. The establishment of the Tsinghua AI Agent Hospital represents a new initiative by Tsinghua to leverage its strengths in science and engineering to empower the advancement of medicine.

President Li encouraged Tsinghua Medicine to remain committed to fostering virtue and talent, cultivating a new generation of medical innovators with both a strong medical foundation and AI literacy. He also called for deeper integration across disciplines, particularly between engineering and medicine, as well as closer ties between clinical practice and technology. Finally, he urged Tsinghua Medicine to align its work with cutting-edge global trends and national strategic needs, driving medical advancement and contributing to the protection of public health.

CRISPR uncovers gene that supercharges vitamin D—and stops tumors in their tracks

A gene called SDR42E1 has been identified as a key player in how our bodies absorb and process vitamin D. Researchers found that disabling this gene in colorectal cancer cells not only crippled their survival but also disrupted thousands of other genes tied to cancer and metabolism. This opens the door to highly targeted cancer therapies—by either cutting off vitamin D supply to tumors or enhancing the gene’s activity to boost health. The findings hint at vast possibilities in treating diseases influenced by vitamin D, though long-term impacts remain uncertain.

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