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Space-time, the interwoven fabric of space and time

Few ideas in modern science have reshaped our understanding of reality more profoundly than space-time: the interwoven fabric of space and time at the heart of Albert Einstein’s theory of relativity.

Space-time is frequently described as the fabric of reality. In some accounts, this fabric is referred to as a fixed, four-dimensional block universe, a complete map of all events, past, present and future.

In others, it’s a dynamic field that bends and curves in response to gravity. But what does it really mean to say that space-time exists? What kind of thing is it? Is space-time structure, substance or metaphor?

Microsoft fixes bug behind Windows certificate enrollment errors

Microsoft has resolved a known issue causing false CertificateServicesClient (CertEnroll) error messages after installing the July 2025 preview and subsequent Windows 11 24H2 updates.

When it acknowledged this bug two weeks ago, the company asked users to ignore error events caused by recent updates that triggered a warning about the ‘Microsoft Pluton Cryptographic Provider’ not being loaded.

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