Correctly quantifying mass is more important than you think.

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Plasmons are collective oscillations of electrons in a solid and are important for a wide range of applications, such as sensing, catalysis, and light harvesting. Plasmonic waves that travel along the surface of a metal, called surface plasmon polaritons, have been studied for their ability to enhance electromagnetic fields.
One of the most powerful tools for studying these waves is time-resolved electron microscopy, which uses ultrashort laser pulses to observe how these plasmonic waves behave. An international research team recently pushed the boundaries of this technique.
As reported in Advanced Photonics, the researchers used multiple time-delayed laser pulses of four different polarizations to capture the full electric field of these waves. This method allowed them to achieve a level of accuracy previously not possible.
Carl Sagan wasn’t the first to declare we are the children of ancient stars — the idea has roots in ancient debates.
To help reduce this problem, Evitria says they’ve licensed Lonza’s bYlok® technology to improve light chain pairing. The starting point involves antibodies with a “knob” or a “hole” in the heavy chains, so-called “knobs-into-holes” technology, to help improve correct bonding between parts of the bispecific, Schmidt explained.
“What you have are two variations, bYlok and non-loked, and another two combinations where one chain has a hole formation and the other a knob formation and vice versa,” he says. “And you can express these four combinations to see the impact of the expression level, the yields, heterodimer formation, and purity.”
By doing this early screening, he adds, it’s possible for customers to speed up their process development and move to commercial bsAb manufacturing.