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Where do we stand with artificial intelligence? Might machines take over our jobs? Can machines become conscious? Might we be harmed by robots? What is the future of humanity? Professor Giorgio Buttazzo of Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna is an expert in artificial intelligence and neural networks. In a recent publication, he provides considered insights into some of the most pressing questions surrounding artificial intelligence and humanity.

A Brief History of Neural Networks and Deep Learning

In artificial intelligence (AI), computers can be taught to process data using neuron-like computing systems inspired by the mechanisms used by the human brain. These so-called neural networks represent a type of machine learning (‘deep learning’) in which interconnected nodes or neurons are able to adapt and learn from data to recognise patterns and solve complex problems.

They were gradually replaced by AI.


A hot potato: CEOs, bosses, and the those who make the technology love to assure people that artificial intelligence isn’t going to replace everyone’s jobs; it will merely augment them – working alongside humans to make life easier. Yet we keep hearing stories like the one about a writer whose employer fired his 60-person team and replaced them with an AI.

A writer using the pseudonym Benjamin Miller told the BBC that his company wanted to use AI to cut costs in early 2023. He led a team of more than 60 writers and editors who published blog posts and articles to promote a tech company that packages and resells data.

The new workflow involved feeding headlines into an AI model that would generate an outline based on the title. The writing team would then create articles based on these ideas, rather than coming up with their own, with Miller editing the final pieces.

Liquid neural networks, spiking neural networks, neuromorphic chips. The next generation of AI will be very different.
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Mentally stimulating activities and life experiences can improve cognition in memory clinic patients, but stress undermines this beneficial relationship. This is according to a new study from Karolinska Institutet published in Alzheimer’s & Dementia: The Journal of the Alzheimer’s Association.

In the late 1980s, researchers discovered that some individuals who showed no apparent symptoms of dementia during their lifetime had brain changes consistent with an advanced stage of Alzheimer’s disease. Since then it has been postulated that so-called cognitive reserve might account for this differential protective effect in individuals.

Cognitively stimulating and enriching life experiences and behaviors such as higher educational attainment, complex jobs, continued physical and leisure activities, and healthy social interactions help build cognitive reserve. However, high or persistent stress levels are associated with reduced social interactions, impaired ability to engage in leisure and physical activities, and an increased risk of dementia.

As EV sales surge in China, BYD’s workforce has expanded rapidly, adding nearly 500,000 employees since 2019. BYD’s workforce is now roughly double that of Toyota’s as China’s EV leader expands overseas.

Privately-owned firms, such as BYD and others in the EV industry, are accelerating job growth in China.

According to filings, there were about 30.57 million employees in China at the end of 2023. That’s up 13% from 2019. Private companies accounted for 81% of the growth, or 2.85 million jobs.

“These are things that are superhuman, and we think this will be in every industry, will probably replace 50% of human jobs, create a huge amount of wealth for mankind and wipe out poverty,” https://www.cnbc.com/2017/04/27/kai-fu-lee-robots-will-repla…jobs.html” rel=“noopener” class=””>Lee told CNBC at the time, later forecasting that it would happen in the next 10 years.

Fast forward seven years to the Fortune Innovation forum in Hong Kong this past March, when he sat down with Fortune editor-in-chief Alyson Shontell.

With the timeline of his prediction just three years away, she asked him if it still holds, and he replied, “It’s actually uncannily accurate. People have criticized me for being too aggressive in 2017, 2018, 2019, and I was a little nervous at the time. But when gen AI came out, I think everybody’s on the bandwagon and believing that is the correct pace.”

Elon Musk, the billionaire CEO of Tesla, has said that artificial intelligence (AI) will eventually eliminate all jobs. However, he affirmed that this is not necessarily an adverse development.

Speaking at a startup and tech event in Paris on Thursday (May 23) via video link, Musk said, “Probably none of us will have a job”, while predicting a future where jobs would be “optional”

“If you want to do a job that’s kinda like a hobby, you can do a job,” Musk told VivaTech 2024. “But otherwise, AI and the robots will provide any goods and services that you want.”

Apptronik, a NASA-backed robotics company, has unveiled Apollo, a humanoid robot that could revolutionize the workforce — because there’s virtually no limit to the number of jobs it can do.

“The focus for Apptronik is to build one robot that can do thousands of different things,” Jeff Cardenas, the company’s co-founder and CEO, told Freethink. “The best way to think of it is kind of like the iPhone of robots.”

The challenge: Robots have been automating repetitive tasks for decades — instead of having a person weld the same two car parts together 100 times a day, for example, an automaker might just add a welding robot to that segment of the assembly line.