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Category: cosmology – Page 3

Switching gravity on and off leaves particles behind, mathematical model finds

That gravity is a product of a time gradient, without spatial distortion. And what’s more — the presence of the variable “time” in practically all formulas of physics probably means that all other “forces” are also derivatives of time. And the speed of light is a speedometer for the speed of time, not an independent physical constant. Could this be the “great unification”?

Hawking radiation causes black holes to eventually evaporate. This is because particle pairs are spontaneously created near the event horizon (the position of the last ray of light that can escape the black hole’s gravitational pull). A particle and its antiparticle are created for a brief moment and disappear immediately afterward. But sometimes a particle falls into the black hole, allowing the other particle to escape: This is Hawking radiation. According to Stephen Hawking, this would ultimately mean that no black holes would remain in the universe.

Astronomer Heino Falcke, physicist Michael Wondrak and mathematician Walter van Suijlekom from Radboud University had previously demonstrated that the event horizon plays a subordinate role in the origin of the radiation. In an article published in Communications in Mathematical Physics, they have now also provided mathematical proof for a similar problem.

Van Suijlekom said, “We wanted to formulate a mathematically rigorous model as precisely as possible. We wanted hard mathematical proof in the case that only a temporal horizon exists and that the universe ultimately resembles its initial state.”

Experiment sees surprising result in search for dark matter

For the better part of a century, people have been trying to understand dark matter. This invisible substance makes up roughly 85% of the mass in the universe but has never been directly detected. Determining exactly what it is remains one of the biggest questions about our world.

Now, a new analysis from the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) experiment has recorded a single particle interaction that researchers have great difficulty explaining with known background signals from normal matter. The result does not yet meet the statistical threshold required to claim a discovery but is the most compelling hint of dark matter reported by the experiment to date.

LZ is an international collaboration of 250 scientists and engineers from 39 institutions. The detector is managed by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) and operates nearly 1 mile (1.6 kilometers) below ground at the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF) in South Dakota. The experiment uses 10 tonnes of ultrapure liquid xenon to search for dark matter and is optimized to look for WIMPs, or weakly interacting massive particles.

JWST reveals likely Type II supernova from when universe was only 2 billion years old

Astronomers using the James Webb Space Telescope have identified one of the most distant exploding stars ever confirmed. The supernova, SN 2023aeaf, was found at a redshift of 3.195—so far away that its light has been traveling for roughly 11.7 billion years. The study, published in The Astrophysical Journal on Aug. 13, offers a close-up look at how massive stars die in the young universe’s primitive, metal-poor conditions.

Massive stars exploding in a core-collapse supernova explosion can be used as tracers for actively forming stars and the physical consequences their explosive deaths exert on the surrounding gas cloud. These explosions actively reshape the environment and set the stage for the next generation of stars to form. Their rate of occurrence tells astronomers indirectly about how vigorously stars were forming throughout the universe’s history.

But almost everything astronomers know about how these explosions actually behave comes from nearby, relatively recent examples. Because the early universe had very low metal content, a major question persists over whether these explosions behaved differently far back in the early universe. Testing this requires finding and studying distant supernova candidates, which are extremely faint and therefore hard to detect.

European scientists create ‘little Big Bang’ to study the universe’s origins

The experiment works by colliding the oxygen and neon nuclei to create a tiny blob of quark-gluon plasma — the same super-hot “soup” scientists think filled the universe right after the Big Bang.

The collision produces a droplet of that plasma that expands and cools in an instant, too fast for scientists to observe directly, so instead, scientists studied the particles it leaves behind, which turned out to reveal something unexpected, Zhou explained.

What they found, according to the study, is when two oxygen atoms smashed together, the particles sprayed out in a rounded pattern, but when two neon atoms collided, the particles actually came out shaped more like a bowling pin — which matches the true geometry of a neon nucleus, according to the study.

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Why the Borg Never Mastered Transwarp Infinity to Conquer the Entire Multiverse

What if the Borg discovered a way to travel beyond the boundaries of their universe?

Not faster warp.

Not another transwarp conduit.

But a doorway into infinite realities.

In this video, we explore one of the most terrifying possibilities in Star Trek: Why did the Borg never conquer the multiverse?

With their transwarp technology, adaptive intelligence, and endless hunger for perfection, the Borg seem uniquely positioned to expand beyond a single universe. Every reality could contain new civilizations to assimilate, unimaginable technologies to steal, and knowledge beyond anything the Collective has ever encountered.

Continue reading “Why the Borg Never Mastered Transwarp Infinity to Conquer the Entire Multiverse” | >

Milky Way’s own gravity can mimic dark matter clues, stellar stream simulations suggest

Most of the stars in our Milky Way galaxy sit neatly on a flat plane. But the space around our galaxy is much more chaotic. Rogue bands of stars called “stellar streams” orbit the Milky Way much like planets in our solar system orbit the sun.

Astronomers have long been fascinated by the possibility that stellar streams could indirectly reveal the presence of dark matter, that mysterious theorized substance that doesn’t interact with light or normal matter—except via gravity. However, a new University of Washington study casts doubt on a leading theory linking dark matter and stellar streams and raises new questions about both galactic phenomena.

“Dark matter makes up most of the mass in the universe and forms the scaffolding that galaxies grow on, but we still don’t know what it is,” said co-author Nora Shipp, a UW assistant professor of astronomy. “The Milky Way is one of the best laboratories we have for figuring that out, and stellar streams are one of the sharpest tools inside it.”

Deep underground, SuperCDMS begins hunting light dark matter with 24 cryogenic crystals

In the hunt for one of nature’s most elusive substances—dark matter, which makes up 85% of all matter in the universe—scientists are going to extremes. Deep underground and chilled to near absolute zero, the Super Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (SuperCDMS) SNOLAB—one of the world’s most sensitive dark matter searches—has begun collecting its first scientific data.

During this early-science phase, the team will fine-tune the system for its full-scale search, set to begin in 2027. Although the experiment isn’t yet operating at full sensitivity, it could still deliver meaningful results.

“The search for dark matter at SuperCDMS SNOLAB is finally underway,” said Tina Cartaro, SuperCDMS operations manager at the Department of Energy’s SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory.

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