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Category: biotech/medical – Page 91

Fungi dwelling on human skin may provide new antibiotics

University of Oregon researchers have uncovered a molecule produced by yeast living on human skin that showed potent antimicrobial properties against a pathogen responsible for a half-million hospitalizations annually in the United States.

It’s a unique approach to tackling the growing problem of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. With the global threat of drug-resistant infections, fungi inhabiting human skin are an untapped resource for identifying , said Caitlin Kowalski, a postdoctoral researcher at the UO who led the study.

Described in a paper published in Current Biology, the common skin fungus Malassezia gobbles up oil and fats on human skin to produce fatty acids that selectively eliminate Staphylococcus aureus. One out of every three people has Staphylococcus aureus harmlessly dwelling in their nose, but the bacteria are a risk factor for serious infections when given the opportunity: open wounds, abrasions and cuts. They’re the primary cause of skin and soft tissue infections known as staph infections.

First atomic map of potato pathogen reveals potential infection mechanism

Plants are susceptible to a wide range of pathogens. For the common potato plant, one such threat is Pectobacterium atrosepticum, a bacterium that causes stems to blacken, tissues to decay, and often leads to plant death, resulting in significant agricultural losses each year.

In 2012, researchers isolated a new virus that infects and kills this bacterium—a bacteriophage named φTE (phiTE). Now, for the first time, scientists have uncovered the atomic structure of φTE, revealing a possible mechanism of infection that may be more complex than previously thought.

The study, published earlier this month in Nature Communications, is the result of a multidisciplinary collaboration between researchers from the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology (OIST) and the University of Otago. It brings together expertise across several fields, including virology, , , protein engineering, biochemistry, and biophysics.

Light signature algorithm offers precise insight on viral proteins, brain disease markers and semiconductors

Researchers at Rice University have developed a new machine learning (ML) algorithm that excels at interpreting the “light signatures” (optical spectra) of molecules, materials and disease biomarkers, potentially enabling faster and more precise medical diagnoses and sample analysis.

“Imagine being able to detect early signs of diseases like Alzheimer’s or COVID-19 just by shining a light on a drop of fluid or a ,” said Ziyang Wang, an electrical and computer engineering doctoral student at Rice who is a first author on a study published in ACS Nano. “Our work makes this possible by teaching computers how to better ‘read’ the signal of light scattered from tiny molecules.”

Every material or molecule interacts with light in a unique way, producing a distinct pattern, like a fingerprint. Optical spectroscopy, which entails shining a laser on a material to observe how light interacts with it, is widely used in chemistry, materials science and medicine. However, interpreting spectral data can be difficult and time-consuming, especially when differences between samples are subtle. The new algorithm, called Peak-Sensitive Elastic-net Logistic Regression (PSE-LR), is specially designed to analyze light-based data.

Printing the Future of Life: How 3D Collagen Scaffolds Grow Real Tissues

Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh have created a groundbreaking tissue engineering platform using 3D-printed collagen scaffolds called CHIPS.

By mimicking natural cellular environments, they enable cells to grow, interact, and form functional tissues — a major step beyond traditional silicone-based microfluidic models. The platform not only models diseases like diabetes but could also replace animal testing in the future. Plus, their designs are freely available to fuel broader scientific innovation.

3D bioprinting: turning science fiction into science reality.

Nonlinear sound-sheet microscopy: Imaging opaque organs at the capillary and cellular scale

Light-sheet fluorescence microscopy has revolutionized biology by visualizing dynamic cellular processes in three dimensions. However, light scattering in thick tissue and photobleaching of fluorescent reporters limit this method to studying thin or…

The size of a coin: 7-year-old child implanted with world’s smallest artificial heart

In the Chinese city of Wuhan, surgeons have successfully transplanted an artificial heart with magnetic levitation weighing only 45 grams to a 7-year-old child.

It is noted that the third-generation magnetic levitation device is designed to treat heart failure in children. Every year, about 40 thousand children with heart failure are hospitalized in China. Of these, 7–10% need an urgent transplant.

However, the country performs less than 100 pediatric transplants a year due to an acute shortage of donors. However, in Wuhan, surgeons have successfully transplanted a tiny artificial heart the size of a coin, which is moved by magnetic levitation, into a 7-year-old boy.

Neuralink’s third patient regains speech with help from AI

An Arizona man has become the third person in the world to receive Neuralink’s brain implant – letting him ‘speak’ again in his own voice.

Brad Smith has ALS, a progressive disease that makes him unable to move any part of his body, except his eyes and the corners of his mouth.

A hidden control center: How bacteria regulate their attack strategies

Scientists at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem have uncovered a surprising way in which harmful bacteria prepare to attack their hosts. The discovery, led by Ph.D. students Lior Aroeti, Netanel Elbaz under the guidance of Prof. Ilan Rosenshine from the Faculty of Medicine could one day help researchers find new ways to fight infectious diseases.

At the heart of this study, now published in Nature Communications, is a protein called CsrA, which acts like a switchboard operator inside . It helps bacteria decide which of their genes to turn on or off—especially the genes that make them dangerous to humans.

Researchers have long known that CsrA plays a central role in bacterial virulence—the ability of bacteria to cause disease. But the new study shows that CsrA doesn’t work alone. Instead, it gathers in a special, droplet-like structure inside the cell. This structure has no membrane, making it a “membraneless compartment,” which scientists now believe is crucial in regulating how bacteria behave.

SENTI-202: Ready-made immune therapy found to be effective against leukemia

A ready-made version of a cutting-edge cancer immunotherapy can effectively defeat blood cancers, a new study says.

Researchers have prepared an off-the-shelf version of CAR immune cell treatment that can be administered more easily to patients with blood cancers.

The new treatment, which uses a type of immune cell called , promoted complete remission in several patients with (AML), researchers said in a presentation at an American Association for Cancer Research’s (AACR) meeting in Chicago.