Getting tips from the design of the human body.
Scientists create bone-inspired cement, over five times stronger than concrete.
Continue reading “Human bone-inspired cement is 5 times tougher than standard concrete” »
Results from a large clinical trial show that treatment with an immunotherapy drug may nearly double the length of time people with high-risk, muscle-invasive bladder cancer are cancer-free following surgical removal of the bladder. Researchers found that postsurgical treatment with pembrolizumab (Keytruda), which is approved by the Food and Drug…
For billions of years, life has used long molecules of deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA, to store information and solve problems.
Today engineers are putting their own spin on DNA computing, to both record data and serve as biological computers, yet until now they’ve struggled to design a synthetic system that can store and perform tasks at the same time.
New research has now demonstrated it’s possible to package and present DNA so it can manage both, providing a full suite of computing functions out of strings of nucleic acids. Specifically, we’re talking about storing, reading, erasing, moving, and rewriting data, and handling these functions in programmable and repeatable ways, similar to how a conventional computer would operate.
Mesmerizing microscopic footage showing “waves” inside a developing fly embryo has won the 14th annual Nikon Small World in Motion competition.
These “mitotic waves” occur during cell division as tissue forms and moves in the embryo of a fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster). Understanding this biological process in flies could help reveal the forces that build embryos across the animal kingdom. Many of these fundamental processes can go awry in humans, leading to neurological disorders, congenital defects and cancer.
Back in August 2021, LA-based Portl launched a 7-ft-tall hologram projection box for life-like remote communications. Now renamed Proto, the company has revealed that its Epic technology is allowing cancer patients to consult life-size virtual specialists.
Proto was founded in 2018 by David Nussbaum, who took his experience working on huge holograms for arena gigs, movie premieres and fashion shows to produce a hologram in a box called the Epic. The idea is to plonk the machine in a venue, university, boardroom, medical facility and so on, and allow folks to chat with a life-like 3D hologram of a person who might be thousands of miles away.
Continue reading “Dr. Hologram will see you now: Virtual specialists visit cancer patients” »
However, more recent research suggests there are likely countless other possibilities for how life might emerge through potential chemical combinations. As the British chemist Lee Cronin, the American theoretical physicist Sara Walker and others have recently argued, seeking near-miraculous coincidences of chemistry can narrow our ability to find other processes meaningful to life. In fact, most chemical reactions, whether they take place on Earth or elsewhere in the Universe, are not connected to life. Chemistry alone is not enough to identify whether something is alive, which is why researchers seeking the origin of life must use other methods to make accurate judgments.
Today, ‘adaptive function’ is the primary criterion for identifying the right kinds of biotic chemistry that give rise to life, as the theoretical biologist Michael Lachmann (our colleague at the Santa Fe Institute) likes to point out. In the sciences, adaptive function refers to an organism’s capacity to biologically change, evolve or, put another way, solve problems. ‘Problem-solving’ may seem more closely related to the domains of society, culture and technology than to the domain of biology. We might think of the problem of migrating to new islands, which was solved when humans learned to navigate ocean currents, or the problem of plotting trajectories, which our species solved by learning to calculate angles, or even the problem of shelter, which we solved by building homes. But genetic evolution also involves problem-solving. Insect wings solve the ‘problem’ of flight. Optical lenses that focus light solve the ‘problem’ of vision. And the kidneys solve the ‘problem’ of filtering blood. This kind of biological problem-solving – an outcome of natural selection and genetic drift – is conventionally called ‘adaptation’. Though it is crucial to the evolution of life, new research suggests it may also be crucial to the origins of life.
This problem-solving perspective is radically altering our knowledge of the Universe. Life is starting to look a lot less like an outcome of chemistry and physics, and more like a computational process.
Check out this astonishing publication by Durrant et al.
A bispecific non-coding RNA expressed by the IS110 family of mobile genetic elements forms the basis of a programmable genome-editing system that enables the insertion, excision or inversion of specific target DNA sequences.
The Road To Wisdom — Dr. Francis Collins, MD, PhD — Former Director, National Institutes of Health (NIH); Distinguished Investigator, Center for Precision Health Research, National Human Genome Research Institute.
Dr. Francis S. Collins, M.D., Ph.D., (https://www.francisscollins.com/) is the former Director of the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH), where as the longest serving director of NIH (spanning 12 years and three presidencies) he oversaw the work of the largest supporter of biomedical research in the world, from basic to clinical research.
Key Takeaways Key Takeaways.
Immune-focused drugs such as nivolumab and ipilimumab have greatly improved the survival of people battling advanced melanomasA new trial finds a combo of these drugs can help people survive at least six years, on average, and maybe moreNo new ‘safety signals’ from use of the drugs were noted over the decade-long trial.
Scientists have discovered a mutation in SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, that plays a key role in its ability to infect the central nervous system. The findings may help scientists understand its neurological symptoms and the mystery of “long COVID,” and they could one day even lead to specific treatments to protect and clear the virus from the brain.
The new collaborative study between scientists at Northwestern University and the University of Illinois-Chicago uncovered a series of mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (the outer part of the virus that helps it penetrate cells) that enhanced the virus’s ability to infect the brains of mice.
“Looking at the genomes of viruses found in the brain compared to the lung, we found that viruses with a specific deletion in spike were much better at infecting the brains of these animals,” said co-corresponding author Judd Hultquist, assistant professor of medicine (infectious diseases) and microbiology-immunology at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine. “This was completely unexpected, but very exciting.”
