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Category: biotech/medical – Page 2,087

Refining Senolytic Drugs to Be Less Toxic and More Effective

Researchers have developed a way to modify an existing cancer drug with toxic side effects into something that is less toxic to blood platelets and more effective at removing harmful and inflammatory senescent cells, one of the reasons we age, from mice.

What are senescent cells?

As you age, increasing numbers of your cells enter into a state known as senescence. Senescent cells do not divide or support the tissues of which they are part; instead, they emit a range of potentially harmful chemical signals that encourage nearby healthy cells to enter the same senescent state. Their presence causes many problems: they reduce tissue repair, increase chronic inflammation, and can even eventually raise the risk of cancer and other age-related diseases.

Scientists Shave The Legs Of Spiders To Create Anti-Adhesive Nanotechnology

Researchers investigating cribellate spiders have discovered a unique comb structure that could help inform future equipment used to manipulate nanofibers. Nanofibers have been hard to handle in a lab setting as they can stick to the equipment attempting to manipulate them, but a new study published in the journal ACS Applied Nanomaterials reveals how spiders can help us to create non-stick tools for such scenarios.

Cribellate spiders are so named because of their unique web-spinning anatomy. Most spiders have a long single spinneret that they use to produce a single thread, whereas cribellate spiders have a silk-spinning organ. This organ acts like a plate with lots of small, ever so slightly raised protrusions, each of which produces a very fine silk just a few nanometers thick. The spiders then comb these thin fibers out using a calamistrum structure on their legs, producing silk with a woolly texture. This woolly-textured silk entraps the spider’s prey, but somehow, they are able to handle it without getting caught up in their own webs.

Nanofibers are a hot area of research right now but one of the difficulties in their handling is that they commonly stick to the equipment trying to manipulate them. Lead author Anna-Christin Joel, from RWTH Aachen University, and her colleagues wondered if the solution to this frustrating problem could be found within the silk-immune spiders’ anatomy.

Pocket-sized device tests DNA in blood samples for genetic conditions

It is now possible to use a cheap, lightweight and smartphone-powered DNA detector to identify DNA in blood, urine and other samples, on the spot.

At the moment, testing to identify DNA is usually done in laboratories using expensive, specialised equipment. To make this process faster and cheaper, Ming Chen at the Army Medical University in China and his colleagues developed a portable DNA detector made of 3D-printed parts that attach to a standard smartphone.

CRISPR combines with stem cell therapy to reverse diabetes in mice

For a few years now, scientists at Washington University have been working on techniques to turn stem cells into pancreatic beta cells as a way of addressing insulin shortages in diabetics. After some promising recent strides, the team is now reporting another exciting breakthrough, combining this technique with the CRISPR gene-editing tool to reverse the disease in mice.

The pancreas contains what are known as beta cells, which secrete insulin as a way of tempering spikes in blood-sugar levels. But in those with diabetes, these beta cells either die off or don’t function as they should, which means sufferers have to rely on diet and or regular insulin injections to manage their blood-sugar levels instead.

One of the ways scientists are working to replenish these stocks of pancreatic beta cells is by making them out of human stem cells, which are versatile, blank slate-like cells that can mature into almost any type of cell in the human body. The Washington University team has operated at the vanguard of this technology with a number of key breakthroughs, most recently with a cell implantation technique that “functionally cured” mice with diabetes.

Mayanei Hayeshua using ultraviolet light to destroy COVID-19

The system destroys the #coronavirus in a room in up to half an hour and without causing harm to any of the patients. #GoFigure

The system is built on ultraviolet light which gives off a specific wavelength that has been found to be deadly to the coronavirus, not cancerous and safe for use in close proximity to patients, including those suffering from pulmonary problems.

SARS-CoV-2 Isolation From Ocular Secretions of a Patient With COVID-19 in Italy With Prolonged Viral RNA Detection Free

Francesca colavita, phd; daniele lapa, phd; fabrizio carletti, phd; eleonora lalle, phd; licia bordi, phd; patrizia marsella, phd; emanuele nicastri, MD; nazario bevilacqua, MD; maria letizia giancola, MD; angela corpolongo, MD; giuseppe ippolito, MD; maria rosaria capobianchi, phd; concetta castilletti, phd

Francesca Colavita, PhD

National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” IRCCS, Rome, Italy (F.C., D.L., F.C., E.L., L.B., P.M., E.N., N.B., M.L.G., A.C., G.I., M.R.C., C.C.)

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