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Scientists Have Been Studying Your Pee and They Finally Have Answers

Until now, scientists somehow didn’t know exactly what made pee yellow.

But that just may have finally changed. In a new study published in the journal Nature Microbiology, a multidisciplinary group of scientists out of the University of Maryland reported on their findings about a middleman enzyme called bilirubin reductase, which had long evaded researchers as they tried to figure out which precise compounds resulted in urine’s distinct yellow hue.

To be clear, as Healthline reports, scientists had known for more than 125 years that on a high level, urine gets its color from the disposal of old red blood cells as they degrade in our livers.

New Dangerous Cyberattacks Target AI Systems

This post is also available in: he עברית (Hebrew)

A new report by Computer scientists from the National Institute of Standards and Technology presents new kinds of cyberattacks that can “poison” AI systems.

AI systems are being integrated into more and more aspects of our lives, from driving vehicles to helping doctors diagnose illnesses to interacting with customers as online chatbots. To perform these tasks the models are trained on vast amounts of data, which in turn helps the AI predict how to respond in a given situation.

Building for This Moment

What changes in cells lead to breast cancer? Scientists now have access to the world’s most comprehensive atlas of healthy breast tissue to help answer this question. 7 years in the making, the Human Breast Cell Atlas is helping scientists better understand breast cancer and other diseases to find new treatments.

Ultrasound Blood–Brain Barrier Opening and Aducanumab in Alzheimer’s Disease

In three patients with Alzheimer’s disease, focused ultrasound was applied with aducanumab therapy. Reduction in amyloid was greater in treated regions than in matched contralateral regions over 6 months. Read the full report:


Original Article from The New England Journal of Medicine — Ultrasound Blood–Brain Barrier Opening and Aducanumab in Alzheimer’s Disease.

Could artificial sweeteners alter your microbiome?

Hmmm I wonder if this can lead to allergies and inflammation. I googled it. Yes it can lead to allergies. Maybe that’s why I can’t drink coffee anymore or Earl Grey Tea. Another Google search says it can lead to inflammation which causes a lot of health problems.


You may think that artificial sweeteners can help you lose some weight, but a new study finds they are no good for your gut’s microbiome.

People who use (Equal), sucralose (Splenda), saccharin (Sweet’N Low), or stevia leaf extract tended to have intestinal bacteria colonies that differed significantly from those of people who didn’t use sugar substitutes, researchers found.

They had less rich colonies of bacteria in their or, even worse, higher levels of bacteria that churn out harmful toxins.

Isomorphic Labs kicks off 2024 with two pharmaceutical collaborations

Eli Lilly & Novartis are entering a strategic research collaboration with Isomorphic Labs to use state-of-the-art AI technologies—including the next-gen model of #AlphaFold—to discover novel small molecule therapeutics for select biological targets.


We are reimagining the entire drug discovery process from first principles with an AI-first approach.

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