We live in extraordinary times.
Iâve been writing about this for the past decade, analysing AI and other exponential technologies and their impact on society. As you get started with Exponential View, I wanted to introduce you first to five charts â depicting key dynamics â to help you understand why the pace of change has increased.
Todayâs supercomputers are enormously powerful, but the work they do â running AI and tackling difficult science â is pushing them to their limits. Building bigger supercomputers wonât be easy.
One of the reasons why this has never happened before is that spiders themselves are difficult organisms to work with within the laboratory. They are a diverse group, have a complex genome structure, and their cannibalistic nature means that they have to be reared individually, otherwise their cage neighbors would be gobbled up. Despite this, new developments in Parasteatoda tepidariorum have allowed this species to become a research model.
The research team looked into spider silk as the target. Spider silk is an incredibly strong and scientifically interesting substance, as it is five times stronger than a steel cable of the same weight, tear-resistant, while also being biodegradable, lightweight, and elastic.
To genetically modify this arachnophobeâs nightmare, the scientists developed an injection solution. This had a gene-editing system that also included a red fluorescent protein gene sequence. This solution was then injected into oocytes inside unfertilized female spiders, when these spiders mated with males, it resulted in the genetically modified offspring.
Type 5 diabetes has just been recognised as a distinct form of diabetes by the International Diabetes Federation. Despite the name, there are more than a dozen different types of diabetes. The classification isnât quite as tidy as the numbering suggests.
Hereâs a clear guide to the different types, including some that you may not have heard of, along with information about what causes them and how they are treated.
Type 1 diabetes is caused by the bodyâs immune system mistakenly attacking the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. This autoimmune reaction can occur at any age, from infancy through to old age.
Neuroscientists at the Sainsbury Wellcome Center (SWC) at UCL have discovered that the brain uses a dual system for learning through trial and error. This is the first time a second learning system has been identified, which could help explain how habits are formed and provide a scientific basis for new strategies to address conditions related to habitual learning, such as addictions and compulsions.
Published in Nature, the study in mice could also have implications for developing therapeutics for Parkinsonâs. The study is titled âDopaminergic action prediction errors serve as a value-free teaching signal.â
âEssentially, we have found a mechanism that we think is responsible for habits. Once you have developed a preference for a certain action, then you can bypass your value-based system and just rely on your default policy of what youâve done in the past. This might then allow you to free up cognitive resources to make value-based decisions about something else,â explained Dr. Marcus Stephenson-Jones, Group Leader at SWC and lead author of the study.
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We know that all the other forces governed by quantum mechanics are transmitted by indivisible particles: photons for the electromagnetic force, which governs light and the basic chemistry of matter; gluons for the strong force, which sticks together protons and neutrons inside atoms; and W and Z bosons for the weak force, which enables certain particles to radioactively decay. If gravity has the same underlying theory as these forces, it should also be carried by its own particle: a graviton. Now researchers, including Claudia Du Rham at Imperial in London, are in the hunt for these mysterious and vanishingly weak particles.
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Correction to the screen text at 05:04: Itâs in the range of microgram. What I say is correct, the text isnât. Sorry about that.
This video comes with a quiz which you can take here: https://quizwithit.com/start_thequiz/.⊠are one of the most sought-after particles in physics. They could help physicists combine quantum physics with gravity to create a theory of âquantum gravity.â We thought until recently they were for all practical purposes impossible to detect, but now scientists are coming up with some ideas for how graviton-detecting experiments could work for real. Letâs take a look. đ€ Check out my new quiz app â http://quizwithit.com/ đ Support me on Donorbox â https://donorbox.org/swtg đ Transcripts and written news on Substack â https://sciencewtg.substack.com/ đ Transcript with links to references on Patreon â / sabine đ© Free weekly science newsletter â https://sabinehossenfelder.com/newsle⊠đ Audio only podcast â https://open.spotify.com/show/0MkNfXl⊠đ Join this channel to get access to perks â
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Gravitons are one of the most sought-after particles in physics. They could help physicists combine quantum physics with gravity to create a theory of \.
Scientists have transformed light into a supersolid for the first time, unlocking new possibilities in quantum physics, computing, and futuristic technologies
It has always been interesting and exciting to study quantum physics. One of the most amazing things about it was the idea of quantum transportation, which seemed like something from science fiction. But recent progress has turned this idea from an academic thought into a real-world application, marking a fundamental change in how we think about and communicate.
