This tiny invention mimics how our brain sees and remembers—redefining what smart machines can do.
We know water in its solid state — ice — exists on moons orbiting Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. Telescopes have also spotted frozen water on dwarf planets, comets, and other bits of rock that “hang out” in the Kuiper Belt at the edge of our solar system. But for decades, water ice was not confirmed to exist around other stars.
The James Webb Space Telescope has unequivocally changed that: Data from its NIRSpec (Near-Infrared Spectrograph) confirmed the presence of water ice in a dusty debris disk that surrounds a star known as HD 181327.
Water ice heavily influences the formation of giant planets and may also be delivered by comets to fully formed rocky planets. Now that researchers have detected water ice with Webb, they have opened the door to studying how these processes play out in new ways — in many other planetary systems — for all researchers.
Abstract: For several years, researchers have known that hyperactivity of a subset of neurons located in the hypothalamus, called AgRP neurons, is common in mice with diabetes
Posted in biotech/medical, genetics, neuroscience | Leave a Comment on Abstract: For several years, researchers have known that hyperactivity of a subset of neurons located in the hypothalamus, called AgRP neurons, is common in mice with diabetes
“These neurons are playing an outsized role in hyperglycemia and type 2 diabetes,” said UW Medicine endocrinologist Dr. Michael Schwartz, corresponding author of the paper.
To determine if these neurons contribute to elevated blood sugar in diabetic mice, researchers employed a widely used viral genetics approach to make AgRP neurons express tetanus toxin, which prevents the neurons from communicating with other neurons.
Unexpectedly, this intervention normalized high blood sugar for months, despite having no effect on body weight or food consumption.
Conventional wisdom is that diabetes, particularly type 2 diabetes, stems from a combination of genetic predisposition and lifestyle factors, including obesity, lack of physical activity and poor diet. This mix of factors leads to insulin resistance or insufficient insulin production.
Until now, scientists have traditionally thought the brain doesn’t play a role in type 2 diabetes, according to Schwartz.
The paper challenges this and is a “departure from the conventional wisdom of what causes diabetes,” he said.
The new findings align with studies published by the same scientists showing that injection of a peptide called FGF1 directly into the brain also causes diabetes remission in mice. This effect was subsequently shown to involve sustained inhibition of AgRP neurons.
Alex Garland, the director of “Ex Machina,” tells Quartz how he feels about the rise of large tech firms, AI, and what being sentient means.
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) might contribute to obesity by reducing physical activity—a relationship that can also be mediated by the features of the urban environment in which a person lives.
That is the conclusion of a new study published in PLOS Complex Systems by Tian Gan, Rayan Succar, and Maurizio Porfiri of the Tandon School of Engineering at New York University, U.S., and Simone Macrì of the Italian National Institute of Health, Italy.
For years, scientists have suspected that impulsivity—including conditions like ADHD—may increase the risk of obesity, but much of the evidence has focused on individual traits and behaviors, placing limited attention toward environmental and social factors.
Scientists say that hiding secret messages using AI chatbots could lead to a world of iron-clad encryption.
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🤖🦾💰A bot for only $35K! Next year $18K?
“” We’ve reached a tipping point where the technology and cost curves have intersected,” explains Dr. Li Wei, robotics analyst at Beijing Technological Institute. ” A humanoid robot that cost $100,000 last year now sells for under $35,000, with prices expected to halve again by 2026.”
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Whether bismuth is part of a class of materials highly suitable for quantum computing and spintronics was a long‑standing issue. Kobe University research has now revealed that the true nature of bismuth was masked by its surface, and in doing so uncovered a new phenomenon relevant to all such materials.
The team have published their results in a letter in the journal Physical Review B.
There is a class of materials that are insulators in their bulk, but robustly conductive at their surface. As this conductivity does not suffer from defects or impurities, such “topological materials,” as they are called, are expected to be highly suitable for use in quantum computers, spintronics and other advanced electronic applications.
