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Psychology research reveals how the brain constructs emotional experiences

Arousal—how alert or excited one feels—is a basic part of emotions, along with whether those emotions are positive or negative. Scientists still don’t fully understand how the brain creates these feelings of arousal, or if the brain uses the same or different systems for emotional arousal compared to states such as being awake or having a bodily reaction.

A recent study led by Professor Benjamin Becker from the Department of Psychology at The University of Hong Kong (HKU) and published in Nature Communications uncovers a brain that reveals how is consciously experienced—and whether this experience is distinct from automatic bodily reactions.

Using a powerful combination of AI-driven modeling, advanced brain imaging, and close-to-real-life experimental paradigms, the team was able to uncover a brain signature that precisely measures emotional intensity (arousal) across diverse situations ranging from seeing a loved one to watching a horror movie. Notably, the team was able to disentangle the conscious emotional experience from automatic physiological responses such as sweating or heart racing.

Discovery of a new analgesic promises pain relief with fewer downsides

Opioids like morphine are widely used in medical practice due to their powerful pain-relieving effects, yet they carry the risk of serious adverse effects such as respiratory depression and drug dependence. For this reason, Japan has strict regulations in place to ensure that these medications are prescribed only by authorized physicians.

In the United States, the opioid OxyContin was once frequently prescribed, triggering a surge in the misuse of synthetic opioids such as fentanyl. As a result, the number of deaths caused by surpassed 80,000 in 2023, escalating into a national public health crisis now referred to as the “opioid crisis.”

Opioids may soon have a rival, however. A team of researchers at Kyoto University has recently discovered a novel analgesic, or , that exerts its effect through an entirely different mechanism. Clinical development of their drug ADRIANA is currently underway as part of an international collaborative effort.

Imaging provides indicators for early detection of depression, paths for future prevention and treatment efforts

Novel imaging research indicates that young adults with a higher genetic risk for depression showed less brain activity in several areas when responding to rewards and punishments. The study also uncovered notable differences between men and women.

The findings from this new study in Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, highlight potential early indicators for depression before clinical symptoms fully manifest.

Depression is one of the most common mental health conditions, and many people with depression have trouble processing rewards and punishments.

Focused ultrasound excites cortical neurons via mechanosensitive calcium accumulation and ion channel amplification

The mechanisms underlying the effects of ultrasonic modulation of neural activity are unclear. Here, the authors show that focused ultrasound excites cultured primary murine cortical neurons via calcium accumulation through specific mechanosensitive ion channels.

Demis Hassabis on our AI future: ‘It’ll be 10 times bigger than the Industrial Revolution — and maybe 10 times faster’

The head of Google’s DeepMind says artificial intelligence could usher in an era of ‘incredible productivity’ and ‘radical abundance’. But who will it benefit? And why does he wish the tech giants had moved more slowly?

Apple CEO: AI Is ‘As Big or Bigger’ Than the Internet, Smartphones

Apple CEO Tim Cook told employees at an all-hands meeting that the AI revolution is “as big or bigger” than the internet, smartphones, cloud computing, and apps. According to Bloomberg’s Power On newsletter, Cook said, “Apple must do this,” adding that this is “ours to grab.” He expressed hopes that, though Apple has been relatively late in rolling out AI tools—Apple Intelligence was only unveiled in 2024 —it could still dominate its rivals.

“We’ve rarely been first,” the CEO told staff. “There was a PC before the Mac; there was a smartphone before the iPhone; there were many tablets before the iPad; there was an MP3 player before iPod.”

But Cook argued that Apple invented the “modern” versions of those products, adding: “This is how I feel about AI.” He also discussed practical steps Apple is taking to make these plans a reality. Cook said Apple is investing in AI in a “big way,” and that 40% of the 12,000 employees hired last year are set to work on research and development.

Startup founder cuts his legs to demonstrate a new biotechnology — investors give him $4.3 million

Jake Adler, the 21-year-old founder of the biotech and defense startup Pilgrim, literally put his own sweat and blood into developing the business, cutting his thighs to demonstrate the new technology. Surprisingly, this bloody effort paid off and he received $4.3 million from investors.

Pilgrim creates biotechnology for use on the battlefield, with plans to sell to the military and eventually civilians. Their flagship product is the Kingsfoil hemostatic bandage, which startup CEO Jake Adler cut both of his legs on camera to demonstrate.

We won’t publish the video and will avoid giving details. In short: Adler anesthetized his legs with lidocaine and used a biopsy tool to make two precise cuts. One of them was covered with Kingsfoil to stop the bleeding, and the other was used for a control comparison.

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