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Jan 7, 2025

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Posted by in categories: mobile phones, robotics/AI

A Global 5G Community, fostering a community and ecosystem around the development of 5G applications.

Jan 7, 2025

Citizen science reveals that Jupiter’s colorful clouds are not made of ammonia ice

Posted by in categories: environmental, science, space

Collaborative work by amateur and professional astronomers has helped to resolve a long-standing misunderstanding about the composition of Jupiter’s clouds. Instead of being formed of ammonia ice—the conventional view—it now appears they are likely to be composed of ammonium hydrosulfide mixed with smog.

The findings have been published in the Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets.

The new discovery was triggered by amateur astronomer, Dr. Steven Hill, based in Colorado. Recently, he demonstrated that the abundance of ammonia and cloud-top pressure in Jupiter’s atmosphere could be mapped using commercially-available telescopes and a few specially colored filters.

Jan 7, 2025

Advanced method produces highly realistic simulations of fluid dynamics

Posted by in category: computing

Computer scientists at the University of California San Diego have developed a method for generating highly realistic computer-generated images of fluid dynamics in elements such as smoke.

This research, conducted by the UC San Diego Center for Visual Computing, was presented at the SIGGRAPH Asia 2024 conference, where it received a Best Paper Honorable Mention for its contributions to computer graphics and physics-based simulation. The paper is published in ACM Transactions on Graphics.

Continue reading “Advanced method produces highly realistic simulations of fluid dynamics” »

Jan 7, 2025

Snap judgments: How first impressions of faces shape inferences of mental states

Posted by in categories: biotech/medical, neuroscience

When we first meet another person, we typically form an initial impression of them based on their facial features and appearance. These first impressions of others could potentially influence our subsequent cognitive processes, such as what mental states we believe that the people we meet are experiencing at a given time.

Researchers at the University of California San Diego (UCSD), the California Institute of Technology and Dartmouth College carried out a study investigating the potential relationship between first impressions of faces and the inference of mental states. Their findings, published in Nature Human Behavior, suggest that first impressions of faces influence the inference of other people’s mental states.

“Over the years there have been a lot of surprising findings showing how first impressions from faces can predict important outcomes, such as which candidates would win an election, which politicians would be convicted of corruption, and which offenders would be sentenced to death,” Chujun Lin, first author of the paper, told Medical Xpress.

Jan 7, 2025

Scientists identify 11 genes affected by PFAS, shedding light on neurotoxicity

Posted by in categories: biotech/medical, chemistry, health, neuroscience

Per-and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) earn their “forever chemical” moniker by persisting in water, soil and even the human brain. This unique ability to cross the blood-brain barrier and accumulate in brain tissue makes PFAS particularly concerning, but the underlying mechanism of their neurotoxicity must be studied further.

To that end, a new study by University at Buffalo researchers has identified 11 genes that may hold the key to understanding the brain’s response to these pervasive chemicals commonly found in everyday items. The paper is published in the journal ACS Chemical Neuroscience.

These genes, some involved in processes vital for neuronal health, were found to be consistently affected by PFAS exposure, either expressing more or less, regardless of the type of PFAS compounds tested. For example, all compounds caused a gene key for neuronal cell survival to express less, and another gene linked to neuronal cell death to express more.

Jan 7, 2025

How we classify flood risk may give developers and home buyers a false sense of security

Posted by in categories: habitats, security

Common methods of communicating flood risk may create a false sense of security, leading to increased development in areas threatened by flooding.

This phenomenon, called the “safe development paradox,” is described in a new paper from North Carolina State University. Lead author Georgina Sanchez, a research scholar in NC State’s Center for Geospatial Analytics, said this may be an unintended byproduct of how the Federal Emergency Management Agency classifies areas based on their probability of dangerous flooding.

The findings are published in the journal PLOS ONE.

Jan 7, 2025

Genetic discovery offers hope for personalized epilepsy treatments

Posted by in categories: biotech/medical, genetics, neuroscience

Recent research led by UTHealth Houston scientists has uncovered two genes associated with variants linked to epilepsy, which showed specific traits that make them promising diagnostic biomarkers.

The study is published in Nature Communications.

Led by Dennis Lal, Ph.D., director of the Center for Neurogenetics and associate professor of neurology at McGovern Medical School at UTHealth Houston, the research team analyzed data from 1,386 human brain tissues for somatic variants in the of individuals undergoing . Somatic variants are DNA changes that occur after conception and can only be identified in the brain tissue.

Jan 7, 2025

Quantum phase transition in indium oxide films defies superconductor norms

Posted by in categories: entertainment, quantum physics

A team of physicists at Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, in France, working with a colleague from Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, in Germany, has observed an odd quantum phase transition in indium oxide films. In their study published in the journal Nature Physics, the group used microwave spectroscopy to study the internal properties and behavior of indium oxide films as they transitioned between superconducting and insulating states.

Prior research has shown that when a superconductor undergoes a phase transition between superconductivity and insulation, its stiffness generally occurs in a smooth, continuous fashion. Superfluid stiffness is a measurement that has been developed to gauge how resistant a material is to changing from one phase to another. In this new study, the research team found an exception to that rule in indium oxide films.

In their work, the researchers were investigating the properties of indium oxide, a material that, when chilled to a certain temperature, changes to a superconductor—it is also known to have multiple disorders at multiple levels. Such disorders give the material unusual properties.

Jan 7, 2025

New simulation method models antineutrinos emitted from nuclear reactors during fission

Posted by in categories: nuclear energy, particle physics

Nuclear fission is the most reliable source of antineutrinos, but they are difficult to characterize. A recent study suggests how their emission can be simulated most effectively.

Antineutrinos are mysterious fundamental anti-particles with no charge and an exceptionally small but non-zero mass. The JUNO project (Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory) in China is a large scintillation detector designed to detect them and to characterize their properties, particularly in precise measurements of that tiny mass. Anti-particles are hard to measure and even harder to control, even when they come from a strong and reliable source.

A group of Italian physicists, led by Monica Sisti of the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) in Milan and Antonio Cammi of the Politecnico di Milano and part of the JUNO collaboration of over 700 scientists from 17 countries, has now modeled parameters that determine the ‘antineutrino spectrum’ emitted by a source.

Jan 7, 2025

Exploring the impacts of particle parameters on self-propelled motions

Posted by in category: particle physics

Phase transitions in the collective motions of self-propelled particles are directly impacted both by the initial velocity of each particle, and the repulsive radius surrounding them.

Collective motions of self-propelled particles can be found across many systems in nature. One of the most striking features of this phenomenon is the way in which systems transition between different states of motion: a behavior which can be compared directly with in physics. So far, however, it is still not fully understood how these transitions are impacted by the initial parameters of these deeply .

Through analysis published in The European Physical Journal E, Salma Moushi and colleagues at the University of Hassam II, Morocco, show how the conditions required for transitions to occur are heavily dependent on the initial velocities of each particle, and the repulsion radius surrounding them.

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