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Structure of lipid-transfer tunnel protein in C. elegans revealed

Oregon Health & Science University, in collaboration with Oregon State University, has discovered the structural organization and protein components of a lipid-transfer complex known as LPD-3. Findings show that LPD-3 contains an internal tunnel lined with lipid molecules, suggesting a possible mechanism for large-scale lipid movement between cellular membranes.

Cells must constantly manage the structure and makeup of their membranes, which rely heavily on lipids produced in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). These lipids cannot freely float through the cytoplasm due to their hydrophobic nature.

Lipid-transport proteins have been shown to shuttle small numbers of between compartments. A distinct group, called bridge-like lipid-transport proteins (BLTPs), may support bulk lipid transfer by forming long, tunnel-like structures that span between organelles. Structural analysis of these proteins has remained limited due to their size and biochemical complexity.

Beyond words: Hidden musical grammar of natural speech revealed in study

The AI revolution, which has begun to transform our lives over the past three years, is built on a fundamental linguistic principle that lies at the base of large language models such as ChatGPT. Words in a natural language are not strung together in random patterns; rather, there is a statistical structure that allows the model to guess the next word based on what came before. Yet these models overlook a crucial dimension of human communication: content that is not conveyed by words.

In a new study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, researchers from Prof. Elisha Moses’s lab at the Weizmann Institute of Science reveal that the melody of speech in spontaneous conversations in English functions as a distinct language, with a “vocabulary” of hundreds of basic melodies and even rules of syntax that can be used to predict the next melody in the sequence. The study lays the foundation for an artificial intelligence that will understand language beyond words.

The melody, or music, of speech, referred to by the linguistic term “,” encompasses variations in pitch (intonation), loudness (for example, for emphasis), tempo and sound quality (such as a whisper or creaky voice). This form of expression predates words in evolution: Recent studies reveal that both chimpanzees and whales incorporate complex prosodic structures in their communication.

Dark Matter: An 86-lb, 800-hp EV motor by Koenigsegg

There’s no replacement for displacement. An adage that’s been around as long as the combustion engine, really. But these age-old sayings don’t really apply anymore when it comes to electric motors.

Earlier this year, we talked about Koenigsegg’s Light Speed Tourbillon Transmission (LSTT). We explored how it couples the 5-liter, 1,500 horsepower (1,119 kW), 1,106 lb-ft (1,500 Nm) of torque, “Hot V8” engine shoed into the rear of the Gemera hypercar and the 850-volt Dark Matter electric motor mounted in the front – but we never got into the specifics of this insane electric powerplant and what makes it so remarkable.

Unveiled in 2023 and stuffed into the Koenigsegg Gemera, the Dark Matter motor created an entirely new league of high-performance electric motor that didn’t quite exist before. Most of its details are still hidden away in a secret Koenigsegg vault while awaiting patent protection.

Our Conscious Perception of the World Depends on This Deep Brain Structure

The study is “really pretty remarkable,” said Christopher Whyte at the University of Sydney, who was not involved in the work, to Nature. One of the first to simultaneously record activity in both deep and surface brain regions in humans, it reveals how signals travel across the brain to support consciousness.

Consciousness has teased the minds of philosophers and scientists for centuries. Thanks to modern brain mapping technologies, researchers are beginning to hunt down its neural underpinnings.

At least half a dozen theories now exist, two of which are going head-to-head in a global research effort using standardized tests to probe how awareness emerges in the human brain. The results, alongside other work, could potentially build a unified theory of consciousness.

Firefly Aerospace to launch Lockheed Martin LM400 tech demo satellite on Alpha rocket from Vandenberg

A perfect storm of range restrictions and suboptimal weather seems to finally be clearing for Firefly Aerospace. After delaying the flight of their sixth Alpha rocket for more than a month, the company announced a new launch window, which opens on Sunday.

Onboard the rocket, designated FLTA006 by Firefly Aerospace, is a technology demonstration for Lockheed Martin’s LM400 satellite bus. The mission, dubbed ‘Message in a Booster,’ has its first launch opportunity during a window that runs from 6:37–7:29 a.m. PDT (9:37–10:29 a.m. EDT, 1337–1429 UTC).

That roughly one-hour window is the first opportunity in a five-day stretch approved by the Western Range. Liftoff from Space Launch Complex 2 West (SLC-2W) at Vandenberg Space Force Base is contingent upon good weather and Firefly Aerospace said it will “continue to evaluate wind conditions” as the planned launch day approaches.

Alaska’s Mount Spurr hit with 22 earthquakes in recent weeks — preventing researchers from pulling vital data from volcano

“When weather conditions become more favorable, collection of new gas data will help us improve this assessment,” it added.

Cloudy weather has rendered AVO planes, helicopters and satellites useless for data collection since March 21, the agency said.

Beyond the double helix: Alternative DNA conformations in ape genomes

Certain DNA sequences can form structures other than the canonical double helix. These alternative DNA conformations—referred to as non-B DNA—have been implicated as regulators of cellular processes and of genome evolution, but their DNA tends to be repetitive, which until recently made reliably reading and assembling their sequences difficult.

Now, a team of researchers, led by Penn State biologists, has comprehensively predicted the location of non-B DNA structures in great apes. It’s the first step in understanding the functions and evolution of such structures, known to contribute to genetic diseases and cancer, the team said.

The work depends on newly available telomere-to-telomere (T2T), or end-to-end, genomes of humans and other great apes that overcame sequencing and assembly difficulties associated with repetitive DNA to fill in any remaining gaps in the genomes. A paper describing the study, which shows that non-B DNA is enriched in the newly sequenced segments of the genomes and suggests potential new functions, was published in the journal Nucleic Acids Research.