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Dec 3, 2021

Studying our solar system’s protective bubble

Posted by in categories: alien life, physics

A multi-institutional team of astrophysicists headquartered at Boston University, led by BU astrophysicist Merav Opher, has made a breakthrough discovery in our understanding of the cosmic forces that shape the protective bubble surrounding our solar system—a bubble that shelters life on Earth and is known by space researchers as the heliosphere.

Astrophysicists believe the heliosphere protects the planets within our solar system from powerful radiation emanating from supernovas, the final explosions of dying stars throughout the universe. They believe the heliosphere extends far beyond our solar system, but despite the massive buffer against cosmic radiation that the heliosphere provides Earth’s life-forms, no one really knows the shape of the heliosphere—or, for that matter, the size of it.

“How is this relevant for society? The bubble that surrounds us, produced by the sun, offers protection from galactic cosmic rays, and the shape of it can affect how those rays get into the heliosphere,” says James Drake, an astrophysicist at University of Maryland who collaborates with Opher. “There’s lots of theories but, of course, the way that galactic cosmic rays can get in can be impacted by the structure of the heliosphere—does it have wrinkles and folds and that sort of thing?”

Dec 3, 2021

ESA’s riskiest flyby

Posted by in categories: energy, space

The chance that ESA’s Solar Orbiter spacecraft will encounter space debris during its upcoming Earth flyby is very, very low. However, the risk is not zero and is greater than any other flyby ESA has performed. That there is this risk at all highlights the mess we’ve made of space—and why we need to take action to clean up after ourselves.

On 27 November, after a year and eight months flying through the inner Solar System, Solar Orbiter will swing by home to ‘drop off’ some extra energy. This will line the spacecraft up for its next six flybys of Venus. These final gravity assists will hone and tilt Solar Orbiter’s , enabling the heat-protected probe to capture the first-ever direct images of our star’s poles, and much more.

Dec 3, 2021

Dark matter may spawn more of itself from ordinary matter, like a cosmic ice-9

Posted by in categories: cosmology, physics

Physicists propose an new exponential growth mechanism for dark matter creation.

Dec 3, 2021

Conversion of infrared to visible light possible with new breakthrough

Posted by in categories: innovation, mobile phones

In a new study published in Science, researchers have developed a new method for detecting infrared light by changing its frequency to a corresponding frequency in the range of visible light.

Electromagnetic waves have a characteristic frequency and wavelength that are inversely proportional; as one increases, the other decreases. Measured in Hertz (Hz), human eyes can perceive light frequencies between 400 and 750 trillion Hz, or terahertz (THz). Smartphone cameras can detect down to 300 THz, and other detectors used in fiber-optic cables can detect around 200 THz.

Dec 3, 2021

Karl Deisseroth: Optogenetics, Psychiatry, Emotion, Autism, Dissociation & “Projections” | #35

Posted by in categories: genetics, neuroscience

Nick talks to Stanford psychiatrist and neuroscientist Dr. Karl Deisseroth. They discuss a range of topics about the brain, including autism, depression, bipolar disorder, dissociation, and more. They also talk about optogenetics, a technique Karl co-developed which uses light to control specific neurons in the brain, allowing neuroscientists to turn circuits in the brain on and off to reveal how the brain generates perception, emotion, and behavior. They also talk about Karls’ new book, “Projections: A Story of Human Emotion.”

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Continue reading “Karl Deisseroth: Optogenetics, Psychiatry, Emotion, Autism, Dissociation & ‘Projections’ | #35” »

Dec 3, 2021

World’s most advanced humanoid robot is revealed

Posted by in category: robotics/AI

Engineered Arts has provided a sneak preview of its latest robot, Ameca, which it claims is the most advanced android ever built. The machine will be on display at CES 2022.

Founded in 2005, Engineered Arts is a UK-based company that designs and manufacturers humanoid entertainment robots. Its first machine, RoboThespian, appeared on stage at the Eden Project in Cornwall. Since then, the company has installed more than 100 robots at exhibitions, science centres, theme parks and other venues worldwide. Over the years, its robots have evolved to have more realistic human movements and ways of interacting with people.

Continue reading “World’s most advanced humanoid robot is revealed” »

Dec 3, 2021

Strangely Massive Black Hole Discovered in Milky Way Satellite Galaxy

Posted by in categories: computing, cosmology

Astronomers at The University of Texas at Austin’s McDonald Observatory have discovered an unusually massive black hole at the heart of one of the Milky Way ’s dwarf satellite galaxies, called Leo I. Almost as massive as the black hole in our own galaxy, the finding could redefine our understanding of how all galaxies — the building blocks of the universe — evolve. The work is published in a recent issue of The Astrophysical Journal.

The team decided to study Leo I because of its peculiarity. Unlike most dwarf galaxies orbiting the Milky Way, Leo I does not contain much dark matter. Researchers measured Leo I’s dark matter profile — that is, how the density of dark matter changes from the outer edges of the galaxy all the way into its center. They did this by measuring its gravitational pull on the stars: The faster the stars are moving, the more matter there is enclosed in their orbits. In particular, the team wanted to know whether dark matter density increases toward the galaxy’s center. They also wanted to know whether their profile measurement would match previous ones made using older telescope data combined with computer models.

Dec 3, 2021

Preventing Cancer Metastatis

Posted by in category: biotech/medical

Cancer biologist Yibin Kang has disabled a key cancer gene MTDH in mice and in human tissue. A human treatment will be ready for human trials in a few years.

This could be the key to preventing or stopping cancer metastasis which is the primary cause of death due to cancer.

99% of breast cancer patients survive five years after diagnosis, only 29% do if the cancer has metastasized, according to current numbers from the National Cancer Institute.

Dec 3, 2021

Transhumanism: Will The Singularity rescue us from death?

Posted by in categories: singularity, transhumanism

Transhumanism is the belief that humanity can evolve beyond its limitations — chiefly, death — using technology. It is deeply misguided.

Dec 3, 2021

Explained: Optogenetics

Posted by in category: genetics

Associate Professor of Biological Engineering and Brain and Cognitive Sciences Ed Boyden explains optogenetics and how it is used in neurological research.

Video: Emily Heusted