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The Dark Energy Survey took an entire decade to produce a value for the cosmological constant—and it’s smaller than you might think! There were other stories as well, including one about primeval black holes, and because I am inescapably drawn by the relentless gravity of black hole news, it’s included below, along with two other stories related in one way or another to heads.

Dogs’ primary sense is olfactory, and if their visual perception flags something interesting in the environment, the first thing they do is stick their cute little noses in it. But the opposite is true for humans; we are able to perceive millions of colors, but only a fraction of the olfactory stimuli dogs are usually way too engaged with.

If you smell in your house, you go looking for the source with your cute little retinas and their super-dense constellation of photoreceptive cells to determine that one of the gas knobs on the stove is open. Researchers at Johns Hopkins University grew retinal organoids in a lab to determine how human visual perception develops.

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We are already living in the era of the fourth industrial revolution, but in the near future we will be facing another one that could really change everything. We are talking about the revolution of humanoid robots — versatile, intelligent and dexterous machines that can not only help, but also replace humans in tight places. In this video, we’ll tell you about the top 10 newest and most advanced humanoid robots in the world, and what technologies will make them truly versatile! Onward to a brighter future)

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0:00 A breakthrough in humanoid robots.
1:17 What technologies could make robots as dexterous as humans?
3:46 Digit, the first commercial humanoid robot from Agility Robotics.
5:18 New humanoid robot from Singapore.
6:45 What kind of humanoid robot has OpenAI invested in?
7:34 New Apollo robot from Apptronik.
9:00 CyberOne humanoid robot project from Xiaomi.
10:20 Unitree’s H1 robot.
11:07 XPENG’s agile and stable robot PX5
12:05 Sanctuary AI’s most agile robot Phoenix.
13:13 The world’s most advanced humanoid robot by Figure AI
15:18 Tesla Bot: Ilon Musk’s Humanoid Robot.
16:15 The world’s most advanced humanoid robot from Boston Dynamics.

Boston Dynamics Atlas. If you’ve been following robotics, you’ve likely seen this humanoid robot in action. Atlas is a pinnacle of robotic achievement, showcasing impressive mobility and coordination. Its advanced control system allows it to perform backflips, handstands, and navigate complex environments with ease. Atlas is not just a demonstration of technological prowess; it’s a glimpse into the future of robotics assisting in real-world scenarios.

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Historically, JILA (a joint institute established by the National Institute of Standards and Technology [NIST] and the University of Colorado Boulder) has been a world leader in precision timekeeping using optical atomic clocks. These clocks harness the intrinsic properties of atoms to measure time with unparalleled precision and accuracy, representing a significant leap in our quest to quantify the most elusive of dimensions: time.

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The equations that describe physical systems often assume that measurable features of the system—temperature or chemical potential, for example—can be known exactly. But the real world is messier than that, and uncertainty is unavoidable. Temperatures fluctuate, instruments malfunction, the environment interferes, and systems evolve over time.

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FRIDAY, Jan. 12, 2024 (HealthDay News) — For patients with immunotherapy recalcitrant KRAS-mutated tumors, the cancer vaccine ELI-002 2P is safe and induces T-cell responses, according to a study published online Jan. 9 in Nature Medicine.

Noting that the cancer vaccine ELI-002 2P enhances lymph node delivery and immune response using Amphiphile (Amph)-modification of G12D and G12R mutant KRAS (mKRAS) peptides (Amph-Peptides-2P) together with CpG oligonucleotide adjuvant (Amph-CpG-7909), Shubham Pant, M.D., M.B.B.S., from the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, and colleagues treated 25 patients (20 with pancreatic cancer; five with colorectal cancer) positive for minimal residual mKRAS disease after locoregional treatment in a phase 1 study involving fixed-dose Amph-Peptides-2P and ascending dose Amph-CpG-7909.

The researchers found no dose-limiting toxicities; the recommended phase 2 dose was 10.0 mg Amph-CpG-7909. Overall, 21, 21, and six patients (84, 84, and 24 percent) had direct ex vivo mKRAS-specific T-cell responses, tumor biomarker responses, and biomarker clearance, respectively. Median relapse-free survival was 16.33 months. There was a correlation seen for efficacy with T-cell response; the median tumor biomarker reduction was −76.0 versus −10.2 percent. Median relapse-free survival was not reached compared with 4.01 months (hazard ratio, 0.14).

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The HiP framework developed MIT_CSAIL creates detailed plans for robots using the expertise of three different foundation models, helping it execute tasks in households, factories, and construction that require multiple steps.

“All we want to do is take existing pre-trained models and have them successfully interface with each other,” says Anurag Ajay, a PhD student in the MIT Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS) and a CSAIL affiliate. “Instead of pushing for one model to do everything, we combine multiple ones that leverage different modalities of internet data. When used in tandem, they help with robotic decision-making and can potentially aid with tasks in homes, factories, and construction sites.”

These models also need some form of “eyes” to understand the environment they’re operating in and correctly execute each sub-goal. The team used a large video diffusion model to augment the initial planning completed by the LLM, which collects geometric and physical information about the world from footage on the internet. In turn, the video model generates an observation trajectory plan, refining the LLM’s outline to incorporate new physical knowledge.

This process, known as iterative refinement, allows HiP to reason about its ideas, taking in feedback at each stage to generate a more practical outline. The flow of feedback is similar to writing an article, where an author may send their draft to an editor, and with those revisions incorporated in, the publisher reviews for any last changes and finalizes.

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DARPA is preparing to revolutionize flight as it moves forward with the development of its experimental X-plane, which the agency says will upend a century of flight technology with an aircraft featuring no moving control surfaces.

The X-65, a technology demonstrator with a 30-foot wingspan weighing slightly more than 7,000 pounds, is expected to be capable of reaching Mach 0.7.

The agency has been working with its partners at Aurora Flight Sciences, who were recently given the green light to construct a full-scale experimental aircraft that will demonstrate the company’s novel active flow control (AFC) actuators for its flight control system.

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