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Researchers at the University of Massachusetts Amherst recently released a first-of-its-kind study focusing on the rare autoimmune disorder aplastic anemia to understand how a subset of cells might be trained to correct the overzealous immune response that can lead to fatal autoimmune disorders. The research, published in Frontiers in Immunology, identifies a specific enzyme known as PRMT5, as a key regulator of suppressive activity in a specialized population of cells.

The human immune system is a marvel of evolution. When a pathogen enters the body, immune cells can identify it, call for backup, attack the pathogen, and then, when the threat has been eradicated, return to a peaceful state. But sometimes, as in the rare autoimmune disorder aplastic anemia, something goes wrong.

In patients with aplastic anemia, the aberrant immune cells, in this case Th1 cells, misidentify healthy stem cells in bone marrow as pathogenic and attack them. Without these bone marrow stem cells, the body can’t make white blood cells to fight infections, red blood cells to carry oxygen throughout the body, or platelets that help stop bleeding.

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This remarkable revelation is the outcome of 15 years’ worth of data collected by the Japanese radio astronomy project known as VERA, or VLBI Exploration of Radio Astrometry. VERA utilizes advanced interferometry techniques, uniting data from radio telescopes across the Japanese archipelago.

Nvidia announces Nemotron-4 15B https://huggingface.co/papers/2402.16819 introduce Nemotron-4 15B, a 15-billion-parameter large multilingual language model trained on 8 trillion text tokens.

Join the discussion on this paper page.

Finding raises hopes that antibiotics could treat some genetic diseases that can cause blindness — but also prompts doubts.

Supposedly workin on getting text to video AI characters to talk:

The idea-to-video platform that sets your creativity in motion.

While Pika’s AI generated videos remain arguably lower quality and less “realistic” than the ones shown off by OpenAI’s Sora or even another rival AI video generation startup, Runway, the addition of the new Lip Sync feature puts it ahead of both in offering capabilities disruptive to traditional filmmaking software.

With Lip Sync, Pika is addressing one of the last remaining barriers to AI being useful for creating longer narrative films. Most other leading AI video generators don’t yet currently offer a similar feature natively.

Continue reading “AI video wars heat up as Pika adds Lip Sync powered by ElevenLabs” »

New research shows that nasal drops of neuropeptide Y triggers extinction of fear memories in an animal model of PTSD.

We conducted a multicenter, nested case–control study of Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers in cognitively normal participants who were enrolled in the China Cognition and Aging Study from January 2000 through December 2020. A subgroup of these participants underwent testing of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), cognitive assessments, and brain imaging at 2-year–to–3-year intervals. A total of 648 participants in whom Alzheimer’s disease developed were matched with 648 participants who had normal cognition, and the temporal trajectories of CSF biochemical marker concentrations, cognitive testing, and imaging were analyzed in the two groups.

The median follow-up was 19.9 years (interquartile range, 19.5 to 20.2). CSF and imaging biomarkers in the Alzheimer’s disease group diverged from those in the cognitively normal group at the following estimated number of years before diagnosis: amyloid-beta (Aβ)₄₂, 18 years; the ratio of Aβ₄₂ to Aβ₄₀, 14 years; phosphorylated tau 181, 11 years; total tau, 10 years; neurofilament light chain, 9 years; hippocampal volume, 8 years; and cognitive decline, 6 years. As cognitive impairment progressed, the changes in CSF biomarker levels in the Alzheimer’s disease group initially accelerated and then slowed.

In this study involving Chinese participants during the 20 years preceding clinical diagnosis of sporadic Alzheimer’s disease, we observed the time courses of CSF biomarkers, the times before diagnosis at which they diverged from the biomarkers from a matched group of participants who remained cognitively normal, and the temporal order in which the biomarkers became abnormal. (Funded by the Key Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03653156. opens in new tab.)