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Dogs 10,000 years ago roamed with bands of humans and came in all shapes and sizes

From village dogs to toy poodles to mastiffs, dogs come in an astonishing array of shapes, colors and sizes. Today there are estimated to be about 700 million dogs living with or around humans.

To many of us, are loyal companions, working partners, and beloved family members—and the histories of our species are deeply woven together. But how did this incredible diversity come to be—and how far back does this relationship with humans go?

Two new studies published today in Science provide some answers. One, led by Allowen Evin from the University of Montpelier, draws on ancient skeletal remains. The other, led by Shao-Jie Zhang from the Kunming Institute of Zoology, draws on the study of DNA from ancient Eastern Eurasian dogs.

Particles that enhance mRNA delivery could reduce vaccine dosage and costs

New nanoparticles that enhance mRNA delivery could reduce vaccine dosage, costs, and possibly even side effects. “Our goal has been to try to make nanoparticles that can give you a safe and effective vaccine response but at a much lower dose,” Daniel Anderson says.

A new lipid nanoparticle could make mRNA vaccines more effective and potentially lower the cost per dose. New research suggests an mRNA influenza vaccine delivered with the new particle could generate the same immune response as mRNA delivered by standard nanoparticles, but at around 1/100 the dose.

Antibody-Drug Conjugates in Prostate Cancer: Where Are we?

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) reflect a new promising approach in prostate cancer, even more so after the practice-changing results in other malignancies, either hematologic or solid. ADCs consist of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) targeted at specific antigens overly expressed on cancer cells compared to normal cells. A cytotoxic payload is attached to the mAb using a stable linker. In prostate cancer, PSMA, STEAP1, TROP2, CD46 and B7-H3 are antigens currently being studied as targets for ADCs. In this paper, we discuss the composition of ADCs and focus on their application and challenges as treatment options in prostate cancer.

Keywords: Antibody-drug conjugate; Monoclonal antibody; PSMA; Precision oncology; Prostate cancer.

Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Multilingualism Is Associated With Delayed Aging

A recent study of over 80,000 Europeans concluded that speaking more than one language is associated with delayed aging. Further analysis suggested that the protective effect of speaking one foreign language diminished with age, while the protective effect of speaking two or more foreign languages was more robust with aging [1].

Beyond communication

Learning a foreign language and maintaining this knowledge in the long term is not an easy endeavor. However, as research suggests, it can bring benefits that go beyond simply communication and cultural enrichment.

Scientists Trace Lupus to One of The World’s Most Common Viruses

One of the world’s most common viral infections could underlie virtually every case of lupus, according to a recent study providing the strongest evidence yet for a link.

The research, led by scientists at Stanford University, has found that the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) could be the trigger behind the ‘cruel mystery’

EBV is the pathogen that causes ‘kissing disease’ (or mononucleosis), and according to the new findings, it can directly infect and reprogram specific immune cells, potentially driving the onset of the chronic autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus – better known as simply lupus.

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