Lifeboat Foundation: Safeguarding Humanity
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Category: sustainability – Page 50

Innovations in engine technology are making water a potential fuel source, leveraging hydrogen extracted from H₂O.

Toyota’s latest breakthrough in sustainable mobility — the world’s first water engine. Departing from conventional hydrogen-powered vehicles, this groundbreaking innovation operates at an unprecedented temperature of 2500°C, thanks to its ingenious water-cooled design. But that’s not all — equipped with a special dual injection system, this engine delivers unparalleled efficiency and performance.

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A recent study suggests that by the Neoproterozoic period, distinct lineages of amoebae, as well as the ancestors of plants, algae, and animals, had already emerged and managed to survive the two global glaciations that covered the planet.

Approximately 800 million years ago (mya), long before the formation of the supercontinent Pangea, Earth’s biodiversity was more varied than previously thought. Brazilian researchers, through the reconstruction of the evolutionary tree of life from ancient amoebas and the ancestors of algae, fungi, plants, and animals, have proposed a scenario where multiple distinct lineages of species coexisted during this era. Their findings are detailed in an article published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS).

According to the literature, several lineages of eukaryotes that first emerged 1.5 billion years ago diversified and established themselves during the Neoproterozoic oxygenation event (850−540 mya), when oxygen levels in the atmosphere and oceans rose significantly owing to changes in the planet’s geochemistry.

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Scientists have invented an artificial plant that can simultaneously clean indoor air while generating enough electricity to power a smartphone.

A team from Binghamton University in New York created an artificial leaf “for fun” using five biological solar cells and their photosynthetic bacteria, before realising that the device could be used for practical applications.

A proof-of-concept plant with five artificial leaves was capable of generating electricity and oxygen, while removing CO2 at a far more efficient rate than natural plants.

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An innovative way is being created by scientists which will help them in “growing” ice and doing the impossible job of “refreezing” the Arctic Sea as initial tests prove promising.

Scientists are aiming at pumping seawater over the frozen Arctic Ocean. They have carried out trials in the Canadian Arctic which have seen sea ice getting thickened successfully.

According to a report published in New Scientist, if no action is taken right now, the accelerating climate change will make the Arctic “ice-free in the summer in the 2030s” which will be disastrous for the planet.

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A team of engineers at Nanjing University, working with a pair of colleagues from the University of California, Berkeley, has developed a new way to extract lithium from briny water.

In their paper published in the journal Science, the team describes the process they developed and the device they built and how it could be used to extract lithium from various natural sources. Seth Darling, with Argonne National Laboratory in the U.S., has published a Perspective piece in the same journal issue outlining the work done by the team on this new effort.

Lithium is in high demand due to its use in batteries. Unfortunately, its traditional sources, hard rock ores, are expected to decline in the coming years. Because of that, scientists have been looking for other sources like briny water found in the world’s oceans. Prior research has suggested there is more than enough to meet global demand for as long as needed.

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In a surprise revelation, Toyota has sent shockwaves throughout the automotive world with an all-new engine that melds combustion technology with the potential for zero emissions. This stealth development may transform our thinking about green energy and the future of transportation. For two decades, the world has been struggling over what the road to sustainable transport would look like, and to date, EVs have proven a front-runner. However, Toyota’s latest development puts a monkey wrench into that thinking by suggesting that a hydrogen-powered combustion engine may be what carries us into the future.

While Toyota is no stranger to innovation—it gave the world its first mass-produced hybrid, the Prius, back in 1997—it has traditionally taken a more cautious approach toward anything resembling an electric vehicle. Less conservatively speaking, the hydrogen-powered combustion engine signifies a quantum leap. This latest motor technology is based on a variant of the same 1.6-liter turbocharged three-cylinder used in its GR Corolla and GR Yaris. Instead, it relies on hydrogen, not traditional gasoline, to run the engine, making it cleaner than conventional combustion engines.

This innovative engine could also hold the key to one of the most significant challenges for the car-making industry: balancing high performance with sustainability. While electric cars take away that visceral experience from driving enthusiasts, Toyota’s hydrogen engine ensures a gasoline-powered car’s rumble, response, and mechanical integrity. The company tested it thoroughly through the grueling conditions of motorsports, including endurance events such as the Fuji 24 Hours.

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Electronics have tons of gold and copper so we need to consider a global recovery and recycling electronics.

Three photojournalists have created an in-depth report on electronic waste — its negative and… positive… consequences.

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When cars, planes, ships or computers are built from a material that functions as both a battery and a load-bearing structure, the weight and energy consumption are radically reduced. A research group at Chalmers University of Technology in Sweden is now presenting a world-leading advance in so-called massless energy storage — a structural battery that could halve the weight of a laptop, make the mobile phone as thin as a credit card or increase the driving range of an electric car by up to 70% on a single charge.

“We have succeeded in creating a battery made of carbon fiber composite that is as stiff as aluminum and energy-dense enough to be used commercially. Just like a human skeleton, the battery has several functions at the same time,” says Chalmers researcher Richa Chaudhary, who is the first author of an article recently published in Advanced Materials.

Research on structural batteries has been going on for many years at Chalmers, and in some stages also together with researchers at the KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Sweden. When Professor Leif Asp and colleagues published their first results in 2018 on how stiff, strong carbon fibers could store electrical energy chemically, the advance attracted massive attention.

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The next generation of handheld devices requires a novel solution. Spintronics, or , is a revolutionary new field in condensed-matter physics that can increase the memory and logic processing capability of nano-electronic devices while reducing power consumption and production costs. This is accomplished by using inexpensive materials and the magnetic properties of an electron’s spin to perform memory and logic functions instead of using the flow of electron charge used in typical electronics.

New work by Florida State University scientists is propelling spintronics research forward.

Professors Biwu Ma in the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Peng Xiong in the Department of Physics work with low-dimensional organic metal halide hybrids, a new class of hybrid materials that can power optoelectronic devices like solar cells, light-emitting diodes, or LEDs and photodetectors.

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