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CyberTipline Report

“undress” feature led to real victims and real lawsuits. In late 2025, Elon Musk’s xAI added an image-editing feature to Grok that let users strip clothing from photos of real people. It was quickly used to sexualize both adults and children. Researchers estimated it produced millions of sexualized images — including tens of thousands depicting apparent children — in less than two weeks. Rather than shutting the feature down, xAI restricted it to paying subscribers. That decision is now central to multiple lawsuits, including one where a stepfather allegedly used the tool to generate roughly 7,000 sexual images and videos of his stepdaughter from a single childhood photo. Several countries opened investigations or temporarily restricted xAI’s tools over this.

Other major AI companies — including OpenAI, Google, Meta, and Anthropic — have faced general scrutiny over training-data practices and content-moderation gaps, but at the time of writing there isn’t a documented, specific incident for each of them on the scale of the three above. Be skeptical of anything that lists all the big AI labs as equally implicated without pointing to a specific report or case — much of what circulates about this topic treats “researchers have shown filters can be bypassed” (true of nearly every AI safety system, for nearly every kind of harmful content) as if it were the same thing as a documented incident. It isn’t.


National Center for Missing and Exploited Children’s CyberTipline is the nation’s centralized reporting system for the online exploitation of children. The public and electronic service providers can make reports of suspected online enticement of children for sexual acts, child sexual molestation, child sexual abuse material, child sex tourism, child sex trafficking, unsolicited obscene materials sent to a child, misleading domain names, and misleading words or digital images on the internet. Every child deserves a safe childhood.

Telomere-to-telomere brown rat genome could sharpen disease research models

Researchers have created the most complete genetic profile of the brown rat to date, according to a UTHealth Houston-led team, paving the way for scientists to more accurately investigate genetic links to conditions like heart disease, kidney disease, high blood pressure and stroke.

The research, published in Cell Genomics, was led by corresponding author Peter Doris, Ph.D., director of the Center for Human Genetics at The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine within McGovern Medical School at UTHealth Houston.

The assembly of the brown rat’s genome provides a complete genetic fingerprint and reveals that the brown rat’s DNA is more complex than scientists previously understood. In addition to uncovering more than 60 new genes, many of which were previously difficult to sequence and are thought to play a role in immunity and other biological processes, the team discovered that brown rat sex chromosomes differ significantly from those in humans.

Comorbidities and Outcomes in People with Functional Neurological Disorder

In this cohort study, we retrospectively analyzed a large FND cohort using TriNetX, a federated health research platform aggregating electronic health records from approximately 160 million individuals across 143 health care organizations in 17 countries. Diagnoses follow standardized clinical coding. Reporting adhered to the STROBE guideline. This study was exempt from IRB review and informed consent given the use of deidentified data, according to the Common Rule (45 CFR §46) and UK regulations from the Health Research Authority.

Demographics and lifetime comorbidities were extracted for patients with an initial F44.4-F44.7 diagnosis between 1995 and 2024. Clinical outcomes were compared between matched cohorts with an initial diagnosis between 2015 and 2024 to reflect contemporary care for all FND vs multiple sclerosis (MS; G35), FND-motor vs MS, and FND-seizure vs epilepsy (G40), controlling for age, sex, race, and ethnicity via propensity score matching, testing 2-sided z tests on absolute risk differences at a significance level of P .05 after Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons, and calculating odds ratios with 95% CIs. Data extraction and analyses were performed in April 2025 on the web-based interface TriNetX LIVE. Full methods are described in eMethods 1 to 3 in Supplement 1.

DMTInduced Shifts in Criticality Correlate with SelfDissolution

Psychedelics profoundly alter subjective experience and brain dynamics. Brain oscillations express signatures of near-critical dynamics, relevant for healthy function. Alterations in the proximity to criticality have been suggested to underlie the experiential and neurological effects of psychedelics. Here, we investigate the effects of a psychedelic substance (DMT) on the criticality of brain oscillations, and in relation to subjective experience, in humans of either sex. We find that DMT shifts the dynamics of brain oscillations away from criticality in alpha and adjacent frequency bands. In this context, entropy is increased while complexity is reduced. We find that the criticality-shifts observed in alpha and theta bands correlate with the intensity ratings of self-dissolution, a hallmark of psychedelic experience. Finally, using a recently developed metric, the functional excitatory-inhibitory ratio, we find that the DMT-induced criticality-shift in brain oscillations is toward subcritical regimes. These findings have major implications for the neuronal understanding of the self and psychedelics, as well as for the neurological basis of altered states of consciousness.

Keywords: DMT; EEG; brain oscillations; criticality; self-dissolution.

Copyright © 2025 Irrmischer et al.

Physical activity in infancy is associated with body composition at age three

The prevalence of obesity in the pediatric population is increasing, driven by a multifactorial etiology that includes genetic predisposition as well as both prenatal and postnatal influences. We aimed to explore associations between child physical activity (PA) at ages one and three years and body composition at age three. Furthermore, we investigated associations between maternal PA during pregnancy and child body composition at age three.

Mother-child pairs (n = 68) from a pregnancy PA intervention study were included. Children’s PA was assessed at one-and three-year follow-ups using 7-day accelerometry and categorized into 24-hour PA and daytime PA (6 a.m. – 8 p.m.). Child body composition was measured by Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and expressed as fat-free mass (FFM) and body fat percentage (BF%). Maternal moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA (MVPA) was measured using a commercial activity tracker. Associations between maternal and child PA and child body composition were examined using linear regression. Variables used for model adjustment included maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index, gestational weight gain, maternal educational level at baseline, parity, maternal age at baseline, child walking status at age one, child sex, and child age at the three-year follow-up.

We found a positive association between daytime PA at age one and child FFM at age three. Daytime PA at age three was positively associated with FFM, and 24-hour PA at age three was negatively associated with BF% and positively associated with FFM. A 10% increase in 24-hour PA was associated with approximately 400 g higher FFM. Maternal MVPA during pregnancy showed no association with child body composition at age three.

Does multitasking ability really differ by sex? Not in the way you’d think

Research simulates real-life multitasking performance to assess potential differences between men and women. When coordinating five different tasks, men ignored the conversational task more than twice as often as women, while showing similar performance to women in all other tasks.

Multitasking, defined as the ability to perform multiple tasks simultaneously or switch between them, has become a central feature of modern life, occurring in contexts such as driving, work, household activities and even leisure. Despite the widespread stereotype that women are better at multitasking, research has shown only small and inconsistent sex differences, calling into question the existence of meaningful differences in this domain.

In light of this, with the support of the Bial Foundation, André and Diana Szameitat (from Brunel University of London and City St George’s, University of London, UK, respectively) conducted a study to clarify whether sex differences in multitasking exist and to explore possible explanations for the origin of this stereotype.

Study finds early-onset Parkinson’s burden has more than doubled worldwide

When standardizing for age, the study found that incidence increased from 1.46 to 2.35 (EAPC = 1.42%), prevalence from 10.03 to 14.00 (EAPC = 1.09%), and YLD from 1.65 to 2.27 (EAPC = 1.05%) per 100,000 individuals globally.

The study further revealed a marked sex difference in PD’s demographic burden, finding that men were approximately 1.5 times more likely to develop EOPD than their female counterparts. Specifically, the study analyses estimated male prevalence at 16.74 per 100,000 versus 11.23 for females.

Geographically, middle and high-middle SDI zones were observed to experience the fastest EOPD growth rate, led by East Asia and Andean Latin America. At the national level, Peru, Bolivia, and Ecuador logged the highest age-standardized rates, while China and Norway showed some of the fastest national upward trends; China’s incidence EAPC was 2.55%.

Mpox (Monkeypox) Virus and Its Co-Infection with HIV, Sexually Transmitted Infections, or Bacterial Superinfections: Double Whammy or a New Prime Culprit?

Epidemiologic studies have established that mpox (formerly known as monkeypox) outbreaks worldwide in 2022–2023, due to Clade IIb mpox virus (MPXV), disproportionately affected gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men. More than 35% and 40% of the mpox cases suffer from co-infection with HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) (e.g., Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Treponema pallidum, and herpes simplex virus), respectively. Bacterial superinfection can also occur. Co-infection of MPXV and other infectious agents may enhance disease severity, deteriorate outcomes, elongate the recovery process, and potentially contribute to the morbidity and mortality of the ensuing diseases. However, the interplays between MPXV and HIV, bacteria, other STI pathogens and host cells are poorly studied.

Blocking a female-only GABA signal that helps glioblastoma evade immunity may boost survival

Researchers have identified a critical biological difference in how glioblastoma develops in male and female laboratory models, pinpointing an immune pathway that fuels tumor growth only in females. The study shows that the neurotransmitter GABA boosts the cancer-protecting activity of immune cells in female models—but not male models—and that blocking that signal improved outcomes. The findings could one day lead to new drug targets and therapeutics specifically for women. The paper is published in the journal Nature Cancer.

Men and women experience many diseases very differently. Certain diseases present more commonly in one sex than in the other, some conditions may cause different symptoms in men and women, and some treatments work better—or not at all—for one sex over the other.

Cancer is no exception. There are major differences in male and female immune systems, and this system is critical both for cancer growth and for successfully becoming cancer-free. For example, some immunotherapies work better in men than in women, and vice versa.

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