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Category: robotics/AI – Page 414

NASA’s exoplanet hunter TESS spots a record-breaking 3-star system

The team spotted the record-breaking triple star system because of strobing starlight caused by the stars crossing in front of each other, as seen from our position on Earth.

The team turned to machine learning to analyze vast amounts of data from TESS to spot a pattern indicating these eclipses. They then called upon the aid of citizen scientists to further filter this data to spot interesting signals.

“We’re mainly looking for signatures of compact multi-star systems, unusual pulsating stars in binary systems, and weird objects,” Rappaport said. “It’s exciting to identify a system like this because they’re rarely found, but they may be more common than current tallies suggest.”

MIT Researchers Introduce Generative Modeling of Molecular Dynamics: A Multi-Task AI Framework for Accelerating Molecular Simulations and Design

Molecular dynamics (MD) is a popular method for studying molecular systems and microscopic processes at the atomic level. However, MD simulations can be quite computationally expensive due to the intricate temporal and spatial resolutions needed. Due to the computing load, much research has been done on alternate techniques that can speed up simulation without sacrificing accuracy. Creating surrogate models based on deep learning is one such strategy that can effectively replace conventional MD simulations.

In recent research, a team of MIT researchers introduced the use of generative modeling to simulate molecular motions. This framework eliminates the need to compute the molecular forces at each step by using machine learning models that are trained on data obtained by MD simulations to provide believable molecular paths. These generative models can function as adaptable multi-task surrogate models, able to carry out multiple crucial tasks for which MD simulations are generally employed.

These generative models can be trained for a variety of tasks by carefully choosing and conditioning on specific frames of a molecule trajectory. These tasks include the following.

AI can reduce a 100,000-equation quantum problem to just 4 equations

The Hubbard model is a studied model in condensed matter theory and a formidable quantum problem. A team of physicists used deep learning to condense this problem, which previously required 100,000 equations, into just four equations without sacrificing accuracy. The study, titled “Deep Learning the Functional Renormalization Group,” was published on September 21 in Physical Review Letters.

Dominique Di Sante is the lead author of this study. Since 2021, he holds the position of Assistant Professor (tenure track) at the Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna. At the same time, he is a Visiting Professor at the Center for Computational Quantum Physics (CCQ) at the Flatiron Institute, New York, as part of a Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions (MSCA) grant that encourages, among other things, the mobility of researchers.

He and colleagues at the Flatiron Institute and other international researchers conducted the study, which has the potential to revolutionize the way scientists study systems containing many interacting electrons. In addition, if they can adapt the method to other problems, the approach could help design materials with desirable properties, such as superconductivity, or contribute to clean energy production.

Open-Ended AI: The Key to Superhuman Intelligence?

Prof. Tim Rocktäschel, AI researcher at UCL and Google DeepMind, talks about open-ended AI systems. These systems aim to keep learning and improving on their own, like evolution does in nature.

TOC:
00:00:00 Introduction to Open-Ended AI and Key Concepts.
00:01:37 Tim Rocktäschel’s Background and Research Focus.
00:06:25 Defining Open-Endedness in AI Systems.
00:10:39 Subjective Nature of Interestingness and Learnability.
00:16:22 Open-Endedness in Practice: Examples and Limitations.
00:17:50 Assessing Novelty in Open-ended AI Systems.
00:20:05 Adversarial Attacks and AI Robustness.
00:24:05 Rainbow Teaming and LLM Safety.
00:25:48 Open-ended Research Approaches in AI
00:29:05 Balancing Long-term Vision and Exploration in AI Research.
00:37:25 LLMs in Program Synthesis and Open-Ended Learning.
00:37:55 Transition from Human-Based to Novel AI Strategies.
00:39:00 Expanding Context Windows and Prompt Evolution.
00:40:17 AI Intelligibility and Human-AI Interfaces.
00:46:04 Self-Improvement and Evolution in AI Systems.

Show notes (New!) https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/5avpsy…

REFS:
00:01:47 — UCL DARK Lab (Rocktäschel) — AI research lab focusing on RL and open-ended learning — https://ucldark.com/

00:02:31 — GENIE (Bruce) — Generative interactive environment from unlabelled videos — https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.

00:02:42 — Promptbreeder (Fernando) — Self-referential LLM prompt evolution — https://arxiv.org/abs/2309.

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