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Category: robotics/AI – Page 41

CNS-CLIP: Transforming a Neurosurgical Journal Into a… : Neurosurgery

Classical biomedical data science models are trained on a single modality and aimed at one specific task. However, the exponential increase in the size and capabilities of the foundation models inside and outside medicine shows a shift toward task-agnostic models using large-scale, often internet-based, data. Recent research into smaller foundation models trained on specific literature, such as programming textbooks, demonstrated that they can display capabilities similar to or superior to large generalist models, suggesting a potential middle ground between small task-specific and large foundation models. This study attempts to introduce a domain-specific multimodal model, Congress of Neurological Surgeons (CNS)-Contrastive Language-Image Pretraining (CLIP), developed for neurosurgical applications, leveraging data exclusively from Neurosurgery Publications.

METHODS:

We constructed a multimodal data set of articles from Neurosurgery Publications through PDF data collection and figure-caption extraction using an artificial intelligence pipeline for quality control. Our final data set included 24 021 figure-caption pairs. We then developed a fine-tuning protocol for the OpenAI CLIP model. The model was evaluated on tasks including neurosurgical information retrieval, computed tomography imaging classification, and zero-shot ImageNet classification.

Next-generation semiconductors could supercharge 6G delivery

Self-driving cars which eliminate traffic jams, getting a health care diagnosis instantly without leaving your home, or feeling the touch of loved ones based across the continent may sound like the stuff of science fiction.

But new research, led by the University of Bristol and published in the journal Nature Electronics, could make all this and more a step closer to reality thanks to a radical breakthrough in .

The futuristic concepts rely on the ability to communicate and transfer vast volumes of data much faster than existing networks. So physicists have developed an innovative way to accelerate this process between scores of users, potentially across the globe.

Brain-Inspired AI Learns To See Like Humans in Stunning Vision Breakthrough

The IBS-Yonsei research team introduces a novel Lp-Convolution method at ICLR 2025. A team of researchers from the Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Yonsei University, and the Max Planck Institute has developed a new artificial intelligence (AI) technique that brings machine vision closer to the

AI outperforms humans in emotional intelligence tests, study finds

Is artificial intelligence (AI) capable of suggesting appropriate behavior in emotionally charged situations? A team from the University of Geneva (UNIGE) and the University of Bern (UniBE) put six generative AIs—including ChatGPT—to the test using emotional intelligence (EI) assessments typically designed for humans.

The outcome: these AIs outperformed average human performance and were even able to generate new tests in record time. These findings open up new possibilities for AI in education, coaching, and . The study is published in Communications Psychology.

Large language models (LLMs) are (AI) systems capable of processing, interpreting and generating human language. The ChatGPT generative AI, for example, is based on this type of model. LLMs can answer questions and solve complex problems. But can they also suggest emotionally intelligent behavior?

Scientists use AI and X-ray vision to gain insight into zinc-ion battery electrolyte

A team of scientists from the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Brookhaven National Laboratory and Stony Brook University (SBU) used artificial intelligence (AI) to help them understand how zinc-ion batteries work—and potentially how to make them more efficient for future energy storage needs.

Their study, published in the journal PRX Energy, focused on the water-based electrolyte that shuttles electrically charged through the during charging and use. The AI model tapped into how those charged ions interact with water under varying concentrations of zinc chloride (ZnCl2), a form of salt with high solubility in water.

The AI findings, validated by experiments at Brookhaven Lab’s National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II), show why high salt concentrations produce the best battery performance.

Large language models are proficient in solving and creating emotional intelligence tests

Six Large Language Models outperformed humans on five ability emotional intelligence tests. ChatGPT-4 also successfully generated new test items for each test, with the AI-created versions showing psychometric properties similar to the originals.