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357 ‒ A new era of longevity science: models of aging, rapamycin trials, biological clocks, & more

Brian Kennedy is a renowned biologist, leader in aging research, & director of the Center for Healthy Longevity at the National University of Singapore. In this episode, Brian shares insights from ongoing human aging studies, including clinical trials of rapamycin & how dosing strategies, timing, & exercise may influence outcomes. He presents two key models of aging—one as a linear accumulation of biological decline & the other as an exponential rise in mortality risk—& explains why traditional models of aging fall short. He also explains why most current aging biomarkers lack clinical utility & describes how his team is working to develop a more actionable biological clock. Additional topics include the potential of compounds like alpha-ketoglutarate, urolithin A, & NAD boosters, along with how lifestyle interventions—such as VO2 max training, strength building, & the use of GLP-1 & SGLT2 drugs—may contribute to longer, healthier lives.

View show notes here: https://bit.ly/44ShpRB
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0:00:00-Intro.
0:01:15-Brian’s journey from the Buck Institute to Singapore, & the global evolution of aging research.
0:09:12-Rethinking the biology of aging.
0:14:13-How inflammation & mTOR signaling may play a central, causal role in aging.
0:18:00-Biological role of mTOR in aging, & the potential of rapamycin to slow aging & enhance immune resilience.
0:23:32-Aging as a linear decline in resilience overlaid with non-linear health fluctuations.
0:36:03-Speculating on the future of longevity: slowing biological aging through noise reduction & reprogramming.
0:42:18-The role of the epigenome in aging, & the limits of methylation clocks.
0:47:14-Balancing the quest for immortality with the urgent need to improve late-life healthspan.
0:52:16-Comparing the big 4 chronic diseases: which are the most inevitable & modifiable?
0:57:27-Exploring potential benefits of rapamycin: how Brian is testing this & other interventions in humans.
1:09:14-Testing alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) for healthspan benefits in aging [1:01:45];
1:13:41-Exploring urolithin A’s potential to enhance mitochondrial health, reduce frailty, & slow aging.
1:17:35-Potential of sublingual NAD for longevity.
1:26:50-Other interventions that may promote longevity: spermidine, 17 HRT, & more.
1:34:33-Biological aging clocks, clinical biomarkers, & a new path to proactive longevity care.
1:45:01-Evaluating rapamycin, metformin, & GLP-1s for longevity in healthy individuals.
1:51:19-Why muscle, strength, & fitness are the strongest predictors of healthspan.
1:53:37-Why combining too many longevity interventions may backfire.
1:56:06-How AI integration could accelerate breakthroughs in aging research.
2:02:07-Need to balance innovation with safety in longevity clinics.
2:10:50-Peter’s reflections on emerging interventions & the promise of combining proven aging compounds.

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About:

The Peter Attia Drive is a deep-dive podcast focusing on maximizing longevity, & all that goes into that from physical to cognitive to emotional health. With over 90 million episodes downloaded, it features topics including exercise, nutritional biochemistry, cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer’s disease, cancer, mental health, & much more.

Peter Attia is the founder of Early Medical, a medical practice that applies the principles of Medicine 3.0 to patients with the goal of lengthening their lifespan & simultaneously improving their healthspan.

Tesla Just SHOOK the Entire Robotaxi Market

Tesla is poised to dominate the robotaxi market with its unique, vertically integrated approach and scalable technology, which is expected to disrupt the market, give it pricing power, and potentially drive competitors out ##

## Questions to inspire discussion.

Tesla’s Robotaxi Strategy.

🚗 Q: How is Tesla accelerating its robotaxi rollout? A: Tesla is expanding geography in Austin, offering safe and fully autonomous Waymo rides on Uber, and entering the Indian market, with Wall Street underestimating the potential of these incremental moves.

🏭 Q: What advantages does Tesla have in the robotaxi market? A: Tesla’s vertically integrated technology allows them to control their destiny and cost structure from silicon to cleaning head, giving them a significant edge over competitors relying on partnerships and procurement.

Market Impact and Competition.

Sensing with 2D Materials

After the successful separation of a monolayer of carbon atoms with honeycomb lattice known as graphene in 2004, a large group of 2D materials known as TMDCs and MXenes were discovered and studied. The realm of 2D materials and their heterostructures has created new opportunities for the development of various types of advanced rigid, flexible and stretchable biosensors, and chemical, optoelectronic and electrical sensors due to their unique and versatile electrical, chemical, mechanical and optical properties. The high surface to volume ratio and quantum confinement in 2D materials make them strong candidates for the development of sensors with improved sensitivity and performance. This group of atomically thin material also offer mechanical flexibility and limited stretchability harvested towards making flexible and stretchable sensors that can be used at the interface with soft tissues and in soft robotics. However, challenges remain in fully realizing their potential in practical applications.

The aim of this collection is to highlight the current progress in the research of 2D materials, focusing on their integration into sensing technologies. We seek to provide a comprehensive overview of the advancements made in this area while addressing the challenges faced in developing practical applications.

New advanced imaging technology enables detailed disease mapping in tissue samples

Researchers from Aarhus University—in a major international collaboration—have developed a groundbreaking method that can provide more information from the tissue samples doctors take from patients every day.

The new technique, called Pathology-oriented multiPlexing or PathoPlex, can look under a microscope at over 100 different proteins in the same small piece of tissue—instead of just 1–2 at a time, as is done now.

The technology, which has just been published in the journal Nature, combines advanced image processing with machine learning to map complex disease processes in detail.

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