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Category: quantum physics – Page 245

The Data Dilemma: How Quantum Memory Could Ease the Energy Demands of Computing

In a world powered by artificial intelligence applications, data is king, but it’s also the crown’s biggest burden.

As described in the article, quantum memory stores data in ways that classical memory systems cannot match. In quantum systems, information is stored in quantum states, using the principles of superposition and entanglement to represent data more efficiently. This ability allows quantum systems to process and store vastly more information, potentially impacting data-heavy industries like AI.

In a 2021 study from the California Institute of Technology, researchers showed that quantum memory could dramatically reduce the number of steps needed to model complex systems. Their method proved that quantum algorithms using memory could require exponentially fewer steps, cutting down on both time and energy. However, this early work required vast amounts of quantum memory—an obstacle that could have limited its practical application.

Now, two independent teams have derived additional insights, demonstrating how these exponential advantages can be achieved with much less quantum memory. Sitan Chen from Harvard University, along with his team, found that just two quantum copies of a system were enough to provide the same computational efficiency previously thought to require many more.

Discover the V-Score: The Secret Weapon in Quantum Problem Solving

Predicting the behavior of many interacting quantum particles is a complex task, but it’s essential for unlocking the potential of quantum computing in real-world applications. A team of researchers, led by EPFL, has developed a new method to compare quantum algorithms and identify the most challenging quantum problems to solve.

Quantum systems, from subatomic particles to complex molecules, hold the key to understanding the workings of the universe. However, modeling these systems quickly becomes overwhelming due to their immense complexity. It’s like trying to predict the behavior of a massive crowd where everyone constantly influences everyone else. When you replace the crowd with quantum particles, you encounter what’s known as the “quantum many-body problem.”

Quantum many-body problems involve predicting the behavior of numerous interacting quantum particles. Solving these problems could lead to major breakthroughs in fields like chemistry and materials science, and even accelerate the development of technologies like quantum computers.

Quantum Breakthrough: Unmasking Hidden Magnetic Marvels in Kagome Lattices

Researchers have achieved a breakthrough in observing intrinsic magnetic structures in kagome lattices, which may significantly influence future quantum computing and superconductivity applications.

A research team led by Prof. Qingyou Lu from the Hefei Institutes of Physical Science at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, in collaboration with Prof. Yimin Xiong from Anhui University, has achieved a groundbreaking discovery. Using advanced techniques such as magnetic force microscopy (MFM), electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, and micromagnetic simulations, they have made the first-ever observation of intrinsic magnetic structures within a kagome lattice.

These findings, published recently in Advanced Science, shed new light on the behavior of materials, which is largely determined by the interaction between their internal electrons and lattice structure. Kagome lattices, known for their unique properties like Dirac points and flat bands, display extraordinary phenomena such as topological magnetism and unconventional superconductivity. These lattices are of great interest because of their potential to unlock new insights into high-temperature superconductivity and quantum computing. Despite this, the intrinsic spin patterns that define these materials have remained elusive—until now.

NASA Shuts Down Quantum Computer After Unexpected Results

NASA has temporarily halted operations of its quantum computer after it produced unexpected results. The computer, which is still under development, is designed to simulate complex systems such as those found in space. However, during a recent test, the computer-generated results that were inconsistent with known physical laws.

NASA scientists are currently investigating the cause of the anomaly. They are also working to develop safeguards to prevent similar incidents from happening in the future.

The shutdown of the quantum computer is a setback for NASA’s efforts to develop new technologies for space exploration. However, it is also an opportunity to learn more about the potential of quantum computing.

Who (or what) Possesses Consciousness? From Koko to AI

What is consciousness, and is it really inherent only to humans? In this video, we explore whether consciousness is not only inherent in humans, but also in animals, artificial intelligence, and even the universe itself. We dive into the complex concepts of panpsychism and quantum consciousness, looking at Roger Penrose and Stuart Hameroff’s Orch-OR project, which claims that quantum processes in microtubules may underlie consciousness. We will analyze Giulio Tononi’s Integral Information Theory, which proposes to quantify the level of consciousness in any system.

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In a global first, quantum computers crack RSA and AES data encryption

A team of Chinese researchers, led by Wang Chao from Shanghai University, has demonstrated that D-Wave’s quantum annealing computers can crack encryption methods that safeguard sensitive global data.

This breakthrough, published in the Chinese Journal of Computers, emphasizes that quantum machines are closer than expected to threatening widely used cryptographic systems, including RSA and Advanced Encryption Standard (AES).

The research team’s experiments focused on leveraging D-Wave’s quantum technology to solve cryptographic problems. In their paper, titled “Quantum Annealing Public Key Cryptographic Attack Algorithm Based on D-Wave Advantage,” the researchers explained how quantum annealing could transform cryptographic attacks into combinatorial optimization problems, making them more manageable for quantum systems.

Assessing quantum advantage for ground state problems

How do we assess quantum advantage when exact classical solutions are not available?

A quantum advantage is a demonstration of a solution for a problem for which a quantum computer can provide a demonstrable improvement over any classical method and classical resources in terms of accuracy, runtime…

Today, algorithms designed to solve this problem mostly rely on what we call variational methods, which are algorithms guaranteed to output an energy for a target system which cannot be lower than the exact solution — or the deepest valley — up to statistical uncertainties. An ideal quality metric for the ground state problem would not only allow the user to benchmark different methods against the same problem, but also different target problems when tackled by the same method.

So, how can such an absolute metric be defined? And what would be the consequences of finding this absolute accuracy metric?

We construct our accuracy metric from an estimation of the energy and its variance for any specific algorithm used to solve the ground state problem, with additional parameters of the system such as the size and the nature of its interactions. We call this metric “variational-score,” or and show that it is an absolute metric for this benchmark.

Researchers in Taiwan develop the world’s smallest quantum computer

A research team led by National Tsing Hua University Department of Physics and Center for Quantum Science and Technology professor Chuu Chih-sung (褚志崧) has developed Taiwan’s first and the world’s smallest quantum computer, using a single photon, the university said yesterday.

Chuu said in the…

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