Lifeboat Foundation: Safeguarding Humanity
Toggle light / dark theme

Blog

Category: particle physics – Page 82

Student researcher leads discovery of fastest gamma-ray burst ever recorded

Sarah Dalessi, a fifth-year student in the College of Science at The University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH), a part of The University of Alabama System, is the lead author of a paper published in The Astrophysical Journal detailing the discovery of the fastest gamma-ray burst (GRB) ever recorded.

GRB 230307A is a gamma-ray burst in the ultrarelativistic category, meaning the velocity of the GRB’s jet, a focused beam of high-energy particles and photons, came within 99.99998% of the speed of light—186,000 miles per second—making it the fastest GRB ever observed. The observation was made possible with data from the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor, one of two instruments on NASA’s Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope.

“The Lorentz factor is the measure of speed of the jet here, and 1,600 is the highest we ever measured,” explains Dr. Peter Veres, an assistant professor who works in the UAH Center for Space Plasma and Aeronomic Research (CSPAR) and is co-author on the study.

From light to logic: Ultrafast quantum switching in 2D materials

Scientists from the Indian Institute of Technology Bombay have found a way to use light to control and read tiny quantum states inside atom-thin materials. The simple technique could pave the way for computers that are dramatically faster and consume far less power than today’s electronics.

The materials studied are just one atom thick—far thinner than a human hair—and are known as two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors. Inside these materials, electrons can sit in one of two distinct quantum states, called valleys. These valleys, named K and K′, can be thought of as two different “locations” that an electron can choose between. Because there are two options, researchers have long imagined using them like the 0 and 1 of digital computing, but on a quantum level. This idea is the foundation of a rapidly growing research field called valleytronics.

However, being able to reliably control which valley electrons occupy—and to switch between them quickly and on demand—has been a major challenge. “Previous methods required complicated experimental setups with carefully tuned circularly polarized lasers and often multiple laser pulses, and they only worked under specific conditions,” said Prof. Gopal Dixit.

CERN upbeat as China halts particle accelerator mega-project

The chief of the CERN physics laboratory says China’s decision to pause its major particle accelerator project presents an “opportunity” to ensure Europe’s rival plan goes ahead.

Ten years ago, China announced its intention to build the Circular Electron Positron Collider (CEPC), which at 100 kilometers (62 miles) long would be the world’s largest particle accelerator.

But Beijing recently put the project on ice, CERN’s director-general Fabiola Gianotti told a small group of journalists at a recent briefing.

In a googol years, our universe will be empty

I personally don’t believe that our universe will end because the universe has access to the quantum realm which can rebirth particles into existence but I still think the universe can be saved from entropy by mastering universe control with kardeshev type 5 civilization technology or type infinity civilization technology. Think even stars can become immortal essentially if we can recharge them which I believe that universes can become immortal essentially aswell but would require massive amounts of energy and control of their particles with a possible holographic magnonics essentially patching areas or rebirthing areas.

Brooklyn is not expanding.

Icy hot plasmas: Fluffy, electrically charged ice grains reveal new plasma dynamics

When a gas is highly energized, its electrons get torn from the parent atoms, resulting in a plasma—the oft-forgotten fourth state of matter (along with solid, liquid, and gas). When we think of plasmas, we normally think of extremely hot phenomena such as the sun, lightning, or maybe arc welding, but there are situations in which icy cold particles are associated with plasmas. Images of distant molecular clouds from the James Webb Space Telescope feature such hot–cold interactions, with frozen dust illuminated by pockets of shocked gas and newborn stars.

Now a team of Caltech researchers has managed to recreate such an icy plasma system in the lab. They created a plasma in which electrons and positively charged ions exist between ultracold electrodes within a mostly neutral gas environment, injected water vapor, and then watched as tiny ice grains spontaneously formed.

They studied the behavior of the grains using a camera with a long-distance microscope lens. The team was surprised to find that extremely “fluffy” grains developed under these conditions and grew into fractal shapes—branching, irregular structures that are self-similar at various scales. And that structure leads to some unexpected physics.

The Next Big Thing in Tech is Almost Here

Check out courses in your favorite subjects with Brilliant! Start learning for free at https://brilliant.org/sabine/ and get 20% off a premium subscription, which includes daily unlimited access!

Spintronics is short for “spin electronics,” and refers to the study of the spin of the electron. In electronic devices, spintronics leverages the spin of electrons to process and store data with extreme efficiency – this technology is just a few years from reaching the consumer market, and will make your devices faster and more efficient. For a price, of course. Let’s take a look at how spintronics got here and where it’s going.

👕T-shirts, mugs, posters and more: ➜ https://sabines-store.dashery.com/
💌 Support me on Donorbox ➜ https://donorbox.org/swtg.
👉 Transcript with links to references on Patreon ➜ / sabine.
📝 Transcripts and written news on Substack ➜ https://sciencewtg.substack.com/
📩 Free weekly science newsletter ➜ https://sabinehossenfelder.com/newsle… Audio only podcast ➜ https://open.spotify.com/show/0MkNfXl… 🔗 Join this channel to get access to perks ➜ / @sabinehossenfelder 📚 Buy my book ➜ https://amzn.to/3HSAWJW #science #sciencenews #spintronics #tech #technews #technology.
👂 Audio only podcast ➜ https://open.spotify.com/show/0MkNfXl…
🔗 Join this channel to get access to perks ➜
/ @sabinehossenfelder.
📚 Buy my book ➜ https://amzn.to/3HSAWJW

#science #sciencenews #spintronics #tech #technews #technology

Probing the existence of a fifth force via neutron star cooling

Neutron stars are ultra-dense star remnants made up primarily of nucleons (i.e., protons and neutrons). Over the course of millions of years, these stars progressively cool down, radiating heat into space.

The cooling process of neutron stars could be a promising testbed for various hypothetical particles, including so-called scalar particles. These are particles that do not possess a spin and that, according to some theoretical predictions, could couple to nucleons.

Scalar particles are hypothesized to violate two fundamental laws of gravity, known as the equivalence principle and the inverse-square law. Their observation could thus greatly enrich the present understanding of the universe and its underlying physical forces.

/* */