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Category: particle physics – Page 28

This quantum light manipulation breakthrough paves the way for unprecedented technologies.

Scientists from the University of Basel and the University of Sydney successfully manipulated and identified interacting packets of light energy, or photons, with unprecedented precision.

This breakthrough, published in Nature Physics, marks the first-ever observation of stimulated light emission at the single-photon level—a phenomenon first predicted by Albert Einstein in 1916.

By measuring the time delay between photon interactions, researchers demonstrated how photons could become entangled in a “two-photon bound state,” opening up new possibilities for quantum computing and enhanced measurement techniques.

This discovery has profound implications for photonic quantum computing and metrology, particularly in fields like biological microscopy, where high-intensity light can damage delicate samples. Dr. Sahand Mahmoodian, a leading researcher on the project, emphasized that harnessing quantum light could lead to more precise measurements with fewer photons. Meanwhile, tech companies like PsiQuantum and Xanadu are already exploring how this research could contribute to fault-tolerant quantum computing. As scientists refine their ability to manipulate quantum light, the door opens to a future of more powerful computing, ultra-sensitive sensors, and revolutionary advancements in technology.

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A recent study from the University of Eastern Finland (UEF) examines how photons—the fundamental particles of light—behave when they encounter sudden changes in a material’s properties over time. This research reveals intriguing quantum optical effects that could advance quantum technology and help establish an emerging field known as four-dimensional quantum optics.

Four-dimensional optics is a field of research that explores how light interacts with structures that change both in time and space. This emerging area has the potential to revolutionize microwave and optical technologies by enabling capabilities such as frequency conversion, amplification, polarization control, and asymmetric scattering. Because of these possibilities, it has drawn significant interest from researchers worldwide.

In recent years, substantial progress has been made in this field. For example, a recent international study published in Nature Photonics.

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Using the Frontier supercomputer, researchers have cracked a major challenge in nuclear physics: accurately predicting nuclear structure and forces at an unprecedented level of detail.

Their discoveries, including new insights into the shape-shifting nature of the 30-neon nucleus, could revolutionize scientific fields ranging from quantum mechanics to national security.

Revolutionizing Nuclear Predictions with Frontier.

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Superconductivity is an intriguing property observed in some materials, which entails the ability to conduct electric current combined with an electrical resistance of zero at low temperatures. Physicists have observed this property in various solid materials with different characteristics and atomic thicknesses.

A team of researchers at Nanjing University in China recently carried out a study aimed at further exploring the behavior of niobium diselenide (NbSe₂), a layered material that has been found to be a superconductor when it is atomically thin. Their paper, published in Physical Review Letters, unveils resilient superconducting fluctuations in atomically thin NbSe₂, which could play a part in the anomalous metallic state previously observed in this material.

“Our study was inspired by a long-standing puzzle in condensed matter physics, which can be summarized by the question: can metals truly exist in two dimensions as the ground state?” Xiaoxiang Xi, senior author of the paper, told Phys.org. “While we understand the behavior of everyday metals and insulators, ultrathin materials—like sheets just one atom thick—challenge these conventional rules.”

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Graphyne is a crystalline form of carbon that is distinct from both diamond and graphite. Unlike diamond, where each atom possesses four immediate neighbors, or graphite, where each atom has three, graphyne’s structure combines two-coordinate and three-coordinate carbons.

Computational models suggest that graphyne has highly compelling electronic, mechanical and . It is predicted to be a semiconductor with a band gap appropriate for electronic devices, ultra-high charge carrier mobility far surpassing that of silicon, and ultimate strength comparable to that of graphene.

Applications of graphyne in electronics, energy harvesting and storage, gas separations and catalysis have been proposed. While graphyne was first theoretically predicted more than three decades ago, its remained elusive.

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A research team, led by Professor Jimin Lee and Professor Eisung Yoon in the Department of Nuclear Engineering at UNIST, has unveiled a deep learning–based approach that significantly accelerates the computation of a nonlinear Fokker–Planck–Landau (FPL) collision operator for fusion plasma.

The findings are published in the Journal of Computational Physics.

Nuclear fusion reactors, often referred to as artificial sun, rely on maintaining a high-temperature plasma environment similar to that of the sun. In this state, matter is composed of negatively charged electrons and positively charged ions. Accurately predicting the collisions between these particles is crucial for sustaining a stable fusion reaction.

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High-temperature superconducting magnets made from REBCO, an acronym for rare-earth barium copper oxide, make it possible to create an intense magnetic field that can confine the extremely hot plasma needed for fusion reactions, which combine two hydrogen atoms to form an atom of helium, releasing a neutron in the process.

But some early tests suggested that inside a might instantaneously suppress the ’ ability to carry current without resistance (called critical current), potentially causing a reduction in the fusion power output.

Now, a series of experiments has clearly demonstrated that this instantaneous effect of neutron bombardment, known as the “beam on effect,” should not be an issue during reactor operation, thus clearing the path for projects such as the ARC fusion system being developed by MIT spinoff company Commonwealth Fusion Systems.

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The company uses so-called “photonic” quantum computing, which has long been dismissed as impractical.

The approach, which encodes data in individual particles of light, offers some compelling advantages — low noise, high-speed operation, and natural compatibility with existing fibre-optic networks. However, it was held back by extreme hardware demands to manage the fact photons fly with blinding speed, get lost, and are hard to create and detect.

PsiQuantum now claims to have addressed many of these difficulties. Yesterday, in a new peer-reviewed paper published in Nature, the company unveiled hardware for photonic quantum computing they say can be manufactured in large quantities and solves the problem of scaling up the system.

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The **article** presents the intriguing hypothesis of a two-sided universe with matter and antimatter moving in opposite time directions from the Big Bang. It **explores** the concept of time reversal through the lens of quantum mechanics, using examples like electron-positron annihilation and the theoretical potential of black holes for backward time movement. **Symmetry**, especially CPT symmetry, is highlighted as a cornerstone of physics, suggesting a mirror universe moving backward in time might exist without violating physical laws. **Ideas** such as the “one electron universe” are presented, considering electrons as a single particle moving back and forth through time. However, the article **acknowledges** the importance of broken symmetry, particularly the matter-antimatter imbalance, for the universe’s existence.
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