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Category: neuroscience – Page 553

Network neuroscience theory best predictor of intelligence, study finds

Scientists have labored for decades to understand how brain structure and functional connectivity drive intelligence. A new analysis offers the clearest picture yet of how various brain regions and neural networks contribute to a person’s problem-solving ability in a variety of contexts, a trait known as general intelligence, researchers report.

They detail their findings in the journal Human Brain Mapping.

The study used “connectome-based predictive modeling” to compare five theories about how the gives rise to , said Aron Barbey, a professor of psychology, bioengineering and neuroscience at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign who led the new work with first author Evan Anderson, now a researcher for Ball Aerospace and Technologies Corp. working at the Air Force Research Laboratory.

Multiple Sclerosis Progression Deferred Longer with Stem Cell Transplant

Transplanting a patient’s own hematopoietic stem cells may defer the progression of disability longer in patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) than treatment with other anti-inflammatory disease-modifying therapies (DMT), reports a study published in the journal Neurology “Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in People With Active Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis”.

“Hematopoietic stem cell transplants have been previously found to delay disability in people with relapsing-remitting MS, but less is known about whether such transplants could help delay disability during the more advanced stage of the disease,” said Matilde Inglese, MD, PhD, professor of neurology at the University of Genoa in Italy and senior author of the study. “Our results are encouraging because while current treatments for SPMS have modest or small benefits, our study found stem cell transplants may not only delay disability longer than many other MS medications, they may also provide a slight improvement in symptoms.”

Patients initially diagnosed with relapsing-remitting MS, where periods of active flare-up of symptoms alternate spans of remission, eventually develop SPMS where the disease worsens gradually but steadily. The exact mechanisms leading to increased neurodegeneration in SPMS are unclear, but evidence suggests a major role of innate and adaptive immune mechanisms that drive inflammation in the brain parenchyma, the leptomeninges, and the cerebrospinal fluid.

One dietary mineral could prevent cognitive decline, study shows

You may have heard the phrase, “You are what you eat.” It’s no surprise that what you put into your body directly impacts how you feel and other aspects of your health, including cognitive function.

In fact, diets that contain certain amounts of minerals like sodium and potassium could have an effect on brain function, especially in older adults, according to a recent study published in Global Transitions.

Researchers from China found diets higher in sodium were associated with a higher risk of cognitive decline and poor and deteriorated memory. On the other hand, participants in the study who had more potassium intake in their diet were associated with higher cognitive function.

New Blood Test Accurately Predicts Alzheimer’s Years Ahead of First Symptoms

A new type of blood test can detect a hidden toxin behind Alzheimer’s disease years before a patient shows any symptoms of memory loss or confusion.

If the proof-of-concept can be further tested and scaled, the test could significantly speed up diagnosis, giving millions of patients answers and access to proper care long before their disease progresses.

Researchers at the University of Washington (UW) created the novel blood test. It’s designed to pick up on a molecular precursor in the blood that can cause proteins to irregularly fold and clump in the brain, ultimately forming amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques.

Our Matrix-like Computational Universe: Programmable Realities & Cybernetic Apotheosis

Do we live in a matrix? Is our universe a metaverse in the next universe up? What is the code of reality? Is this a simulated multiverse? Can we cheat death and live indefinitely long? These are some of the questions we discuss in this recent talk.

#CyberneticTheory #CyberneticSingularity #DigitalPhysics #CodeofReality #CyberneticTheoryofMind #EvolutionaryCybernetics #consciousness #PhilosophyofMind #OmegaPointCosmology #PhysicsofTime #SimulationTheory #GlobalMind #SyntellectHypothesis #AGI #VR #Metaverse #TechnologicalSingularity #Transhumanism #Posthumanism #CyberneticImmortality #SyntheticTelepathy #MindUploading #neurotechnology #biotechnology #nanotechnology #FermiParadox #DarkMatter #DarkEnergy #cybergods ​#cybernetics

Ultrafast functional MRI: A tool for examining spurious correlations in fMRI connectivity

Brad Sutton, Technical Director of the Biomedical Imaging Center and Abel Bliss Faculty Scholar in the College of Engineering at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, delivered this Frontiers in Miniature Brain Machinery lecture January 26, 2022. Jennifer Walters, MBM Trainee and PhD candidate in Neuroscience, provided an introduction. The Q&A portion of this video was cut off due to technical difficulties during the Zoom recording.

For more information on the lecture and Brad Sutton: https://minibrain.beckman.illinois.edu/2021/12/02/brad-sutto…s-lecture/

For a list of our upcoming events: https://minibrain.beckman.illinois.edu/events/

This video was supported by the National Science Foundation under grant 1735252. https://minibrain.beckman.illinois.edu/

Challenging Established Beliefs: Harvard Research Uncovers Surprising New Roles for Spinal Cord and Brainstem

Almost everything we do relies on our sense of touch, from simple household chores to navigating potentially dangerous terrain. Scientists have long been curious about how the touch information we obtain with our hands and other parts of our bodies makes its way to the brain to generate the sensations we feel.

However, key aspects of touch, such as how the spinal cord and brainstem are involved in receiving, processing, and transmitting signals, remain unknown.

Now, two studies from Harvard Medical School researchers provide significant new understandings of how the spinal cord and brainstem contribute to the sense of touch.

How the Brain Stores Remote Fear Memory

Summary: Remote fear memories, or memories of trauma formed in the distant past, are stored in the connections between neurons in the prefrontal cortex.

Source: UCR

A remote fear memory is a memory of traumatic events that occurred in the distant past—a few months to decades ago. A University of California, Riverside, mouse study published in Nature Neuroscience has now spelled out the fundamental mechanisms by which the brain consolidates remote fear memories.

Incredible medical breakthroughs of 2022, from treating blood cancer to slowing Alzheimer’s disease

From a vaccine for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) to an infusion that slowed down Alzheimer’s for some people with the disease, here are three momentous advances from 2022.

An RSV vaccine showed promise for the first time in 50-years

Two vaccines are poised to be approved for RSV by the end of 2023, according to their makers, after almost 50-years without any meaningful progress.