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14 popular AI algorithms and their uses

Amid all the hype and hysteria about ChatGPT, Bard, and other generative large language models (LLMs), it’s worth taking a step back to look at the gamut of AI algorithms and their uses. After all, many “traditional” machine learning algorithms have been solving important problems for decades—and they’re still going strong. Why should LLMs get all the attention?

Before we dive in, recall that machine learning is a class of methods for automatically creating predictive models from data. Machine learning algorithms are the engines of machine learning, meaning it is the algorithms that turn a data set into a model. Which kind of algorithm works best (supervised, unsupervised, classification, regression, etc.) depends on the kind of problem you’re solving, the computing resources available, and the nature of the data.

In the next section, I’ll briefly survey the different kinds of machine learning and the different kinds of machine learning models. Then I’ll discuss 14 of the most commonly used machine learning and deep learning algorithms, and explain how those algorithms relate to the creation of models for prediction, classification, image processing, language processing, game-playing and robotics, and generative AI.

The Future of Particle Beam Experimentation — Innovative New Algorithm Improves Our Understanding

The algorithm combines classical beam physics equations with machine-learning techniques to reduce the need for extensive data processing.

When the linear accelerator at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory is operational, groups of approximately one billion electrons travel through metal pipes at almost the speed of light. These electron groups form the accelerator’s particle beam, which is utilized to investigate the atomic behavior of molecules, innovative materials, and numerous other subjects.

However, determining the actual appearance of a particle beam as it moves through an accelerator is challenging, leaving scientists with only a rough estimate of how the beam will behave during an experiment.

AI Face Identification Puts Innocent Man In Jail

This post is also available in: he עברית (Hebrew)

Robert William, who was wrongfully identified by an AI algorithm and subsequently arrested, is suing the Detroit Police Department for the traumatizing experience he and his family had experienced.

Back in January of 2020, Robert Williams, a Black man, was arrested in front of his wife and children for a robbery committed at a Shinola store in 2018.

AI generates mRNA in just 11 minutes

A new algorithm developed by Chinese company Baidu Research is dramatically faster than prior methods and shown to boost the antibody response of mRNA vaccines by up to 128 times.

Baidu Research is the research arm of Baidu, one of the largest technology companies in China. Established in 2014, it has since then been involved in various research activities such as natural language processing (NLP), machine learning, computer vision, robotics, and other areas of artificial intelligence.

Chemists find that metal atoms play key role in fine organic synthesis

A small team of chemists at the Russian Academy of Sciences, has found that metal atoms, not nanoparticles, play the key role in catalysts used in fine organic synthesis. In the study, reported in the Journal of the American Chemical Society, the group used multiple types of electron microscopy to track a region of a catalyst during a reaction to learn more about how it was proceeding.

Prior research has shown that there are two main methods for studying a reaction. The first is the most basic: As ingredients are added, the reaction is simply observed and/or measured. This can be facilitated through use of high-speed cameras. This approach will not work with nanoscale reactions, of course. In such cases, chemists use a second method: They attempt to capture the state of all the components before and after the reaction and then compare them to learn more about what happened.

This second approach leaves much to be desired, however, as there is no way to prove that the objects under study correspond with one another. In recent years, have been working on a new approach: Following the action of a single particle during the reaction. This new method has proven to have merit but it has limitations as well—it also cannot be used for reactions that occur in the nanoworld. In this new effort, the researchers used multiple types of electron microscopy coupled with .

AI-powered crater detection algorithm to unlock the secrets of the universe

Researchers from the University of Aberdeen develop an AI algorithm to detect planetary craters with high accuracy, efficiency, and flexibility.

A team of scientists from the University of Aberdeen has developed a new algorithm that could revolutionize planetary studies. The new technology enables scientists to detect planetary craters and accurately map their surfaces using different data types, according to a release.

The team used a new universal crater detection algorithm (CDA) developed using the Segment Anything Model (SAM), an artificial intelligence (AI) model that can automatically identify and cut out any object in any image.

“This DNA Is Not Real”: Why Scientists Are Deepfaking the Human Genome

Researchers have taught an AI to make artificial genomes — possibly overcoming the problem of how to protect people’s genetic information while also amassing enough DNA for research.

Generative adversarial networks (GANs) pit two neural networks against each other to produce new, synthetic data that is so good it can pass for real data. Examples have been popping up all over the web — generating pictures and videos (a la “this city does not exist”). AIs can even generate convincing news articles, food blogs, or human faces (take a look here for a complete list of all the oddities created by GANs).

Now, researchers from Estonia are going more in-depth with deepfakes of human DNA. They created an algorithm that repeatedly generates the genetic code of people that don’t exist.

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