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The processes that haul gold up to the surface from deep within Earth’s mantle rely on the sulfur that bubbles beneath active volcanoes.

Two new papers have agreed that some forms of sulfur form molecular bonds with gold that would otherwise remain sequestered in the mantle, allowing the precious element to rise.

What they don’t quite agree on is which form of sulfur is most important.

U.S. telecom giants AT&T and Verizon say they have secured their networks after being targeted by the China-linked Salt Typhoon cyberespionage group.

In a statement given to TechCrunch on Monday, AT&T spokesperson Alexander Byers said the company detects “no activity by nation-state actors in our networks at this time.”

Verizon spokesperson Richard Young said in an emailed statement to TechCrunch on Sunday that the organization has “contained the cyber incident brought on by this nation-state threat actor,” and that it has not detected any threat actor activity on its network “for some time.”

Summary: This article explores how humanity has advanced its knowledge of biodiversity over time, from folk wisdom to modern databases. It highlights how technology has made information about life on Earth accessible to everyone and argues we should be optimistic about the future of taxonomy and conservation.

Alone in the forest, the modern person might find it difficult to identify a beech tree. Compared to indigenous shamans who forage thousands of medicinal plants, we are deeply disconnected from nature. But even if our personal understanding of nature is in decline, as a species, we’ve never known more about the natural world.

The fact is, while it is valuable, indigenous knowledge is often limited to the local area, difficult to distinguish from myth and ritual, and, if passed on orally, easy to lose. Literate naturalists faced similar problems. Aristotle recorded many species in writing, but much of his work was lost. Most traditional written research that survived to modern times is narrow in scope, disorganized, and spread throughout obscure tomes.